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Open-Circuit Voltage Models for Battery Management Systems: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Prarthana Pillai

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada)

  • Sneha Sundaresan

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada)

  • Pradeep Kumar

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada)

  • Krishna R. Pattipati

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Balakumar Balasingam

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada)

Abstract

A battery management system (BMS) plays a crucial role to ensure the safety, efficiency, and reliability of a rechargeable Li-ion battery pack. State of charge (SOC) estimation is an important operation within a BMS. Estimated SOC is required in several BMS operations, such as remaining power and mileage estimation, battery capacity estimation, charge termination, and cell balancing. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) look-up-based SOC estimation approach is widely used in battery management systems. For OCV lookup, the OCV–SOC characteristic is empirically measured and parameterized a priori. The literature shows numerous OCV–SOC models and approaches to characterize them and use them in SOC estimation. However, the selection of an OCV–SOC model must consider several factors: (i) Modeling errors due to approximations, age/temperature effects, and cell-to-cell variations; (ii) Likelihood and severity of errors when the OCV–SOC parameters are rounded; (iii) Computing system requirements to store and process OCV parameters; and (iv) The required computational complexity of real-time OCV lookup algorithms. This paper presents a review of existing OCV–SOC models and proposes a systematic approach to select a suitable OCV–SOC for implementation based on various constraints faced by a BMS designer in practical application.

Suggested Citation

  • Prarthana Pillai & Sneha Sundaresan & Pradeep Kumar & Krishna R. Pattipati & Balakumar Balasingam, 2022. "Open-Circuit Voltage Models for Battery Management Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-25, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:18:p:6803-:d:917461
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pan, Haihong & Lü, Zhiqiang & Lin, Weilong & Li, Junzi & Chen, Lin, 2017. "State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries using a grey extended Kalman filter and a novel open-circuit voltage model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 764-775.
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    3. Quanqing Yu & Changjiang Wan & Junfu Li & Lixin E & Xin Zhang & Yonghe Huang & Tao Liu, 2021. "An Open Circuit Voltage Model Fusion Method for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-22, March.
    4. Caiping Zhang & Jiuchun Jiang & Linjing Zhang & Sijia Liu & Leyi Wang & Poh Chiang Loh, 2016. "A Generalized SOC-OCV Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries and the SOC Estimation for LNMCO Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, November.
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