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Online model-based estimation of state-of-charge and open-circuit voltage of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles

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  • He, Hongwen
  • Zhang, Xiaowei
  • Xiong, Rui
  • Xu, Yongli
  • Guo, Hongqiang

Abstract

This paper presents a method to estimate the state-of-charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion battery, based on an online identification of its open-circuit voltage (OCV), according to the battery’s intrinsic relationship between the SOC and the OCV for application in electric vehicles. Firstly an equivalent circuit model with n RC networks is employed modeling the polarization characteristic and the dynamic behavior of the lithium-ion battery, the corresponding equations are built to describe its electric behavior and a recursive function is deduced for the online identification of the OCV, which is implemented by a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm with an optimal forgetting factor. The models with different RC networks are evaluated based on the terminal voltage comparisons between the model-based simulation and the experiment. Then the OCV-SOC lookup table is built based on the experimental data performed by a linear interpolation of the battery voltages at the same SOC during two consecutive discharge and charge cycles. Finally a verifying experiment is carried out based on nine Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedules. It indicates that the proposed method can ensure an acceptable accuracy of SOC estimation for online application with a maximum error being less than 5.0%.

Suggested Citation

  • He, Hongwen & Zhang, Xiaowei & Xiong, Rui & Xu, Yongli & Guo, Hongqiang, 2012. "Online model-based estimation of state-of-charge and open-circuit voltage of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 310-318.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:39:y:2012:i:1:p:310-318
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sun, Fengchun & Hu, Xiaosong & Zou, Yuan & Li, Siguang, 2011. "Adaptive unscented Kalman filtering for state of charge estimation of a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3531-3540.
    2. Jingyu Yan & Guoqing Xu & Huihuan Qian & Yangsheng Xu, 2010. "Robust State of Charge Estimation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Framework and Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(10), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Ng, Kong Soon & Moo, Chin-Sien & Chen, Yi-Ping & Hsieh, Yao-Ching, 2009. "Enhanced coulomb counting method for estimating state-of-charge and state-of-health of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(9), pages 1506-1511, September.
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