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A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Technical Aspects

Author

Listed:
  • Tomasz Sikorski

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Michal Jasiński

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma

    (Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Magdalena Węglarz

    (Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Dominika Kaczorowska

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Paweł Kostyla

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Leonowicz

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Robert Lis

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jacek Rezmer

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Wilhelm Rojewski

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Marian Sobierajski

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jarosław Szymańda

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Daniel Bejmert

    (TAURON Ekoenergia Ltd., 58-500 Jelenia Góra, Poland)

  • Przemysław Janik

    (TAURON Ekoenergia Ltd., 58-500 Jelenia Góra, Poland)

  • Beata Solak

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

The article presents calculations and power flow of a real virtual power plant (VPP), containing a fragment of low and medium voltage distribution network. The VPP contains a hydropower plant (HPP), a photovoltaic system (PV) and energy storage system (ESS). The purpose of this article is to summarize the requirements for connection of generating units to the grid. Paper discusses the impact of the requirements on the maximum installed capacity of distributed energy resource (DER) systems and on the parameters of the energy storage unit. Firstly, a comprehensive review of VPP definitions, aims, as well as the characteristics of the investigated case study of the VPP project is presented. Then, requirements related to the regulation, protection and integration of DER and ESS with power systems are discussed. Finally, investigations related to influence of DER and ESS on power network condition are presented. One of the outcomes of the paper is the method of identifying the maximum power capacity of DER and ESS in accordance with technical network requirements. The applied method uses analytic calculations, as well as simulations using Matlab environment, combined with real measurement data. The obtained results allow the influence of the operating conditions of particular DER and ESS on power flow and voltage condition to be identified, the maximum power capacity of ESS intended for the planed VPP to be determined, as well as the influence of power control strategies implemented in a PV power plant on resources available for the planning and control of a VPP to be specified. Technical limitations of the DER and ESS are used as input conditions for the economic simulations presented in the accompanying paper, which is focused on investigations of economic efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomasz Sikorski & Michal Jasiński & Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma & Magdalena Węglarz & Dominika Kaczorowska & Paweł Kostyla & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Robert Lis & Jacek Rezmer & Wilhelm Rojewski & Marian Sobi, 2020. "A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Technical Aspects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-30, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:12:p:3086-:d:371754
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michał Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Paweł Kostyła & Dominika Kaczorowska & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Jacek Rezmer & Jarosław Szymańda & Przemysław Janik & Daniel Bejmert & Marek Rybiański & Elżbieta Jasińs, 2019. "Influence of Measurement Aggregation Algorithms on Power Quality Assessment and Correlation Analysis in Electrical Power Network with PV Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Elyas Rakhshani & Kumars Rouzbehi & Adolfo J. Sánchez & Ana Cabrera Tobar & Edris Pouresmaeil, 2019. "Integration of Large Scale PV-Based Generation into Power Systems: A Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Cátia Silva & Pedro Faria & Zita Vale, 2019. "Multi-Period Observation Clustering for Tariff Definition in a Weekly Basis Remuneration of Demand Response," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-24, April.
    4. Tomasz Sikorski & Michał Jasiński & Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma & Magdalena Węglarz & Dominika Kaczorowska & Paweł Kostyła & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Robert Lis & Jacek Rezmer & Wilhelm Rojewski & Marian Sobi, 2019. "A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Economic Aspects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-21, November.
    5. Kasaei, Mohammad Javad & Gandomkar, Majid & Nikoukar, Javad, 2017. "Optimal management of renewable energy sources by virtual power plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1180-1188.
    6. Pedro Faria & João Spínola & Zita Vale, 2018. "Distributed Energy Resources Scheduling and Aggregation in the Context of Demand Response Programs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Nosratabadi, Seyyed Mostafa & Hooshmand, Rahmat-Allah & Gholipour, Eskandar, 2017. "A comprehensive review on microgrid and virtual power plant concepts employed for distributed energy resources scheduling in power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 341-363.
    8. Pedro Faria & Zita Vale, 2019. "A Demand Response Approach to Scheduling Constrained Load Shifting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Yu, Songyuan & Fang, Fang & Liu, Yajuan & Liu, Jizhen, 2019. "Uncertainties of virtual power plant: Problems and countermeasures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 454-470.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Michał Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Dominika Kaczorowska & Jacek Rezmer & Vishnu Suresh & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Paweł Kostyła & Jarosław Szymańda & Przemysław Janik & Jacek Bieńkowski & Przemysław Prus, 2021. "A Case Study on Data Mining Application in a Virtual Power Plant: Cluster Analysis of Power Quality Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Khalil Gholami & Behnaz Behi & Ali Arefi & Philip Jennings, 2022. "Grid-Forming Virtual Power Plants: Concepts, Technologies and Advantages," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-26, November.
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    5. Michal Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Dominika Kaczorowska & Jacek Rezmer & Vishnu Suresh & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Paweł Kostyla & Jarosław Szymańda & Przemysław Janik, 2020. "A Case Study on Power Quality in a Virtual Power Plant: Long Term Assessment and Global Index Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-20, December.
    6. Dominika Kaczorowska & Jacek Rezmer & Michal Jasinski & Tomasz Sikorski & Vishnu Suresh & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Pawel Kostyla & Jaroslaw Szymanda & Przemyslaw Janik, 2020. "A Case Study on Battery Energy Storage System in a Virtual Power Plant: Defining Charging and Discharging Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    7. Michał Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Dominika Kaczorowska & Jacek Rezmer & Vishnu Suresh & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Paweł Kostyła & Jarosław Szymańda & Przemysław Janik & Jacek Bieńkowski & Przemysław Prus, 2021. "A Case Study on a Hierarchical Clustering Application in a Virtual Power Plant: Detection of Specific Working Conditions from Power Quality Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, February.
    8. Bianca Goia & Tudor Cioara & Ionut Anghel, 2022. "Virtual Power Plant Optimization in Smart Grids: A Narrative Review," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, April.
    9. Alessandro Burgio & Domenico Cimmino & Andrea Nappo & Luigi Smarrazzo & Giuseppe Donatiello, 2023. "An IoT-Based Solution for Monitoring and Controlling Battery Energy Storage Systems at Residential and Commercial Levels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-21, March.
    10. Rafał Trzaska & Adam Sulich & Michał Organa & Jerzy Niemczyk & Bartosz Jasiński, 2021. "Digitalization Business Strategies in Energy Sector: Solving Problems with Uncertainty under Industry 4.0 Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, November.
    11. Zbigniew Leonowicz & Michał Jasiński, 2021. "Signal Analysis in Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-3, November.
    12. Jakub Jasiński & Mariusz Kozakiewicz & Maciej Sołtysik, 2021. "Determinants of Energy Cooperatives’ Development in Rural Areas—Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
    13. Seong Won Moon & Tong Seop Kim, 2020. "Advanced Gas Turbine Control Logic Using Black Box Models for Enhancing Operational Flexibility and Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, October.
    14. Arul Rajagopalan & Dhivya Swaminathan & Meshal Alharbi & Sudhakar Sengan & Oscar Danilo Montoya & Walid El-Shafai & Mostafa M. Fouda & Moustafa H. Aly, 2022. "Modernized Planning of Smart Grid Based on Distributed Power Generations and Energy Storage Systems Using Soft Computing Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-18, November.

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