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Review of Electric Vehicle Charger Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities, Potential Impacts, and Defenses

Author

Listed:
  • Jay Johnson

    (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA)

  • Timothy Berg

    (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA)

  • Benjamin Anderson

    (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA)

  • Brian Wright

    (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA)

Abstract

Worldwide growth in electric vehicle use is prompting new installations of private and public electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). EVSE devices support the electrification of the transportation industry but also represent a linchpin for power systems and transportation infrastructures. Cybersecurity researchers have recently identified several vulnerabilities that exist in EVSE devices, communications to electric vehicles (EVs), and upstream services, such as EVSE vendor cloud services, third party systems, and grid operators. The potential impact of attacks on these systems stretches from localized, relatively minor effects to long-term national disruptions. Fortunately, there is a strong and expanding collection of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) cybersecurity best practices that may be applied to the EVSE environment to secure this equipment. In this paper, we survey publicly disclosed EVSE vulnerabilities, the impact of EV charger cyberattacks, and proposed security protections for EV charging technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jay Johnson & Timothy Berg & Benjamin Anderson & Brian Wright, 2022. "Review of Electric Vehicle Charger Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities, Potential Impacts, and Defenses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:11:p:3931-:d:824683
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deepak Ronanki & Apoorva Kelkar & Sheldon S. Williamson, 2019. "Extreme Fast Charging Technology—Prospects to Enhance Sustainable Electric Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-17, September.
    2. C. Birk Jones & Matthew Lave & William Vining & Brooke Marshall Garcia, 2021. "Uncontrolled Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Electric Power Systems with Primarily Residential, Commercial or Industrial Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Sanchari Deb & Kari Tammi & Karuna Kalita & Pinakeshwar Mahanta, 2018. "Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Load on Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nnaemeka V. Emodi & Udochukwu B. Akuru & Michael O. Dioha & Patrick Adoba & Remeredzai J. Kuhudzai & Olusola Bamisile, 2023. "The Role of Internet of Things on Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure and Consumer Experience," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Manoj Basnet & Mohd. Hasan Ali, 2023. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Mitigation of Adverse Effects of Cyber-Attacks on Electric Vehicle Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Zia Muhammad & Zahid Anwar & Bilal Saleem & Jahanzeb Shahid, 2023. "Emerging Cybersecurity and Privacy Threats to Electric Vehicles and Their Impact on Human and Environmental Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-30, January.
    4. Hou, Jiazuo & Hu, Chenxi & Lei, Shunbo & Hou, Yunhe, 2024. "Cyber resilience of power electronics-enabled power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    5. Farshid Javadnejad & Mohammad Jahanbakh & Cesar Ariel Pinto & Azita Saeidi, 2024. "Analyzing incentives and barriers to electric vehicle adoption in the United States," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 575-606, September.

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