IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i4p1119-d502617.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of Technical Capabilities, Methodology and Test Results of a Light-Commercial Vehicle Conversion to Battery Electric Powertrain

Author

Listed:
  • Piotr Bielaczyc

    (BOSMAL Automotive Research & Development Institute Ltd., 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland)

  • Rafal Sala

    (BOSMAL Automotive Research & Development Institute Ltd., 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland)

  • Tomasz Meinicke

    (BOSMAL Automotive Research & Development Institute Ltd., 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland)

Abstract

This paper describes a holistic development and testing approach for a battery electric vehicle (BEV) prototype based on a self-supporting body platform originating from a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. The topic was investigated in relation to the question of whether conversion of existing vehicle platforms is a viable approach in comparison to designing a new vehicle ab initio. The scope of work consisted of the development stage, followed by laboratory and on-road testing to verify the vehicle’s performance and driveability. The vehicle functionality targeted commercial daily use on urban routes. Based on the assumed technical requirements, the vehicle architecture was designed and components specified that included various sub-systems: electric motor powertrain, electronic control unit (ECU), high-voltage battery pack with battery management system (BMS), charging system, high and low voltage wiring harness and electrically driven auxiliary systems. Electric sub-systems were integrated into the existing vehicle on-board controller area network (CAN) bus by means of enhanced algorithms. The test methodology of the prototype electric vehicle included the vehicle range and energy consumption measurement using the EU legislative test cycle. Laboratory testing was performed at different ambient temperatures and for various characteristics of the kinetic energy recovery system. Functional and driveability testing was performed on the road, also including an assessment of overall vehicle durability. Based on the results of testing, it was determined that the final design adopted fulfilled the pre-defined criteria; benchmarking against competing solutions revealed favorable ratings in certain aspects.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Bielaczyc & Rafal Sala & Tomasz Meinicke, 2021. "Analysis of Technical Capabilities, Methodology and Test Results of a Light-Commercial Vehicle Conversion to Battery Electric Powertrain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1119-:d:502617
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1119/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1119/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jarosław Wątróbski & Krzysztof Małecki & Kinga Kijewska & Stanisław Iwan & Artur Karczmarczyk & Russell G. Thompson, 2017. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of Electric Vans for City Logistics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-34, August.
    2. Li, Zhenhe & Khajepour, Amir & Song, Jinchun, 2019. "A comprehensive review of the key technologies for pure electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 824-839.
    3. Juan C. González Palencia & Van Tuan Nguyen & Mikiya Araki & Seiichi Shiga, 2020. "The Role of Powertrain Electrification in Achieving Deep Decarbonization in Road Freight Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-24, May.
    4. Falcão, Eduardo Aparecido Moreira & Teixeira, Ana Carolina Rodrigues & Sodré, José Ricardo, 2017. "Analysis of CO2 emissions and techno-economic feasibility of an electric commercial vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 297-307.
    5. Shahid Hussain & Mohamed A. Ahmed & Ki-Beom Lee & Young-Chon Kim, 2020. "Fuzzy Logic Weight Based Charging Scheme for Optimal Distribution of Charging Power among Electric Vehicles in a Parking Lot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-27, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Louback, Eduardo & Biswas, Atriya & Machado, Fabricio & Emadi, Ali, 2024. "A review of the design process of energy management systems for dual-motor battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sofiane Bacha & Ramzi Saadi & Mohamed Yacine Ayad & Mohamed Sahraoui & Khaled Laadjal & Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, 2023. "Autonomous Electric-Vehicle Control Using Speed Planning Algorithm and Back-Stepping Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Xie, Yunkun & Li, Yangyang & Zhao, Zhichao & Dong, Hao & Wang, Shuqian & Liu, Jingping & Guan, Jinhuan & Duan, Xiongbo, 2020. "Microsimulation of electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    3. Feiyu Hou & Fei Yao & Zheng Li, 2022. "A Torque-Compensated Fault-Tolerant Control Method for Electric Vehicle Traction Motor with Short-Circuit Fault," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Marisol Garrouste & Michael T. Craig & Daniel Wendt & Maria Herrera Diaz & William Jenson & Qian Zhang & Brendan Kochunas, 2023. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Synthetic Fuel Production from Existing Nuclear Power Plants across the United States," Papers 2309.12085, arXiv.org.
    5. Marek Krok & Paweł Majewski & Wojciech P. Hunek & Tomasz Feliks, 2022. "Energy Optimization of the Continuous-Time Perfect Control Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Jie Hu & Wentong Cao & Feng Jiang & Lingling Hu & Qian Chen & Weiguang Zheng & Junming Zhou, 2023. "Study on Multi-Objective Optimization of Power System Parameters of Battery Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-23, May.
    7. Yossi Hadad & Baruch Keren & Dima Alberg, 2023. "An Expert System for Ranking and Matching Electric Vehicles to Customer Specifications and Requirements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-18, May.
    8. Hicham El Hadraoui & Mourad Zegrari & Fatima-Ezzahra Hammouch & Nasr Guennouni & Oussama Laayati & Ahmed Chebak, 2022. "Design of a Customizable Test Bench of an Electric Vehicle Powertrain for Learning Purposes Using Model-Based System Engineering," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, September.
    9. Mehdi Jahangir Samet & Heikki Liimatainen & Oscar Patrick René van Vliet & Markus Pöllänen, 2021. "Road Freight Transport Electrification Potential by Using Battery Electric Trucks in Finland and Switzerland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, February.
    10. Wen, Shuang & Lin, Ni & Huang, Shengxu & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Zhaosheng, 2023. "Lithium battery health state assessment based on vehicle-to-grid (V2G) real-world data and natural gradient boosting model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    11. Jacek Pielecha & Kinga Skobiej & Przemyslaw Kubiak & Marek Wozniak & Krzysztof Siczek, 2022. "Exhaust Emissions from Plug-in and HEV Vehicles in Type-Approval Tests and Real Driving Cycles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-38, March.
    12. Chen, Mingyi & Yu, Yue & Ouyang, Dongxu & Weng, Jingwen & Zhao, Luyao & Wang, Jian & Chen, Yin, 2024. "Research progress of enhancing battery safety with phase change materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    13. Theo Lieven & Beatrice Hügler, 2021. "Did Electric Vehicle Sales Skyrocket Due to Increased Environmental Awareness While Total Vehicle Sales Declined during COVID-19?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-19, December.
    14. Magdalena Mucowska, 2021. "Trends of Environmentally Sustainable Solutions of Urban Last-Mile Deliveries on the E-Commerce Market—A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-26, May.
    15. Wu, Yingwen & Ji, Yangjian, 2023. "Identifying firm-specific technology opportunities from the perspective of competitors by using association rule mining," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2).
    16. Diana Lemian & Florin Bode, 2022. "Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems for Electrical Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-13, August.
    17. Yang, Xiong & Peng, Zhenhan & Wang, Pinxi & Zhuge, Chengxiang, 2023. "Seasonal variance in electric vehicle charging demand and its impacts on infrastructure deployment: A big data approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    18. Mariusz Izdebski & Marianna Jacyna, 2021. "An Efficient Hybrid Algorithm for Energy Expenditure Estimation for Electric Vehicles in Urban Service Enterprises," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-23, April.
    19. Tingting Wang & Xin Liu & Dongchen Qin & Yuechen Duan, 2022. "Thermal Modeling and Prediction of The Lithium-ion Battery Based on Driving Behavior," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-22, November.
    20. Hussain, Shahid & Irshad, Reyazur Rashid & Pallonetto, Fabiano & Hussain, Ihtisham & Hussain, Zakir & Tahir, Muhammad & Abimannan, Satheesh & Shukla, Saurabh & Yousif, Adil & Kim, Yun-Su & El-Sayed, H, 2023. "Hybrid coordination scheme based on fuzzy inference mechanism for residential charging of electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1119-:d:502617. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.