IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i21p7069-d667400.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Smart Strategy for Sizing of Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Supply Remote Loads in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Majed A. Alotaibi

    (Saudi Electricity Company Chair in Power System Reliability and Security, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ali M. Eltamaly

    (Saudi Electricity Company Chair in Power System Reliability and Security, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
    Sustainable Energy Technologies Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
    Electrical Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt)

Abstract

The use of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) has become the best option for supplying electricity to sites remote from the central power system because of its sustainability, environmental friendliness, and its low cost of energy compared to many conventional sources such as diesel generators. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources, there is a need however for an energy storage system (ESS) to store the surplus energy and feed the energy deficit. Most renewable sources used battery storage systems (BSS), a green hydrogen storage system (GHSS), and a diesel generator as a backup for these sources. Batteries are very expensive and have a very short lifetime, and GHSS have a very expensive initial cost and many security issues. In this paper, a system consisting of wind turbines and a photovoltaic (PV) array with a pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) system as the main energy storage to replace the expensive and short lifetime batteries is proposed. The proposed system is built to feed a remote area called Dumah Aljandal in the north of Saudi Arabia. A smart grid is used via a novel demand response strategy (DRS) with a dynamic tariff to reduce the size of the components and it reduces the cost of energy compared to a flat tariff. The use of the PHES with smart DRS reduced the cost of energy by 34.2%, and 41.1% compared to the use of BSS and GHSS as an ESS, respectively. Moreover, the use of 100% green energy sources will avoid the emission of an estimated 2.5 million tons of greenhouse gases every year. The proposed system will use a novel optimization algorithm called the gradually reduced particles of particle swarm optimization (GRP-PSO) algorithm to enhance the exploration and exploitation during the searching iterations. The GRP-PSO reduces the convergence time to 58% compared to the average convergence time of 10 optimization algorithms used for comparison. A sensitivity analysis study is introduced in this paper in which the effect of ±20% change in wind speed and solar irradiance are selected and the system showed a low effect of these resources on the Levelized cost of energy of the HRES. These outstanding results proved the superiority of using a pumped-storage system with a dynamic tariff demand response strategy compared to the other energy storage systems with flat-rate tariffs.

Suggested Citation

  • Majed A. Alotaibi & Ali M. Eltamaly, 2021. "A Smart Strategy for Sizing of Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Supply Remote Loads in Saudi Arabia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:21:p:7069-:d:667400
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7069/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7069/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eltamaly, Ali M., 2021. "A novel musical chairs algorithm applied for MPPT of PV systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    2. Ramli, Makbul A.M. & Twaha, Ssennoga & Al-Hamouz, Zakariya, 2017. "Analyzing the potential and progress of distributed generation applications in Saudi Arabia: The case of solar and wind resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 287-297.
    3. Zhang, Yang & Campana, Pietro Elia & Lundblad, Anders & Yan, Jinyue, 2017. "Comparative study of hydrogen storage and battery storage in grid connected photovoltaic system: Storage sizing and rule-based operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 397-411.
    4. Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin & Peng, Jinqing, 2014. "Technical feasibility study on a standalone hybrid solar-wind system with pumped hydro storage for a remote island in Hong Kong," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 7-15.
    5. Rehman, Shafiqur & Al-Hadhrami, Luai M. & Alam, Md. Mahbub, 2015. "Pumped hydro energy storage system: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 586-598.
    6. Sanajaoba, Sarangthem & Fernandez, Eugene, 2016. "Maiden application of Cuckoo Search algorithm for optimal sizing of a remote hybrid renewable energy System," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 1-10.
    7. Hakimi, S.M. & Moghaddas-Tafreshi, S.M., 2009. "Optimal sizing of a stand-alone hybrid power system via particle swarm optimization for Kahnouj area in south-east of Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1855-1862.
    8. Javed, Muhammad Shahzad & Zhong, Dan & Ma, Tao & Song, Aotian & Ahmed, Salman, 2020. "Hybrid pumped hydro and battery storage for renewable energy based power supply system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    9. Sun, Kaiqi & Li, Ke-Jun & Pan, Jiuping & Liu, Yong & Liu, Yilu, 2019. "An optimal combined operation scheme for pumped storage and hybrid wind-photovoltaic complementary power generation system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1155-1163.
    10. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Finn, P. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Leahy, M., 2011. "Practical operation strategies for pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) utilising electricity price arbitrage," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 4189-4196, July.
    11. Duchaud, Jean-Laurent & Notton, Gilles & Darras, Christophe & Voyant, Cyril, 2019. "Multi-Objective Particle Swarm optimal sizing of a renewable hybrid power plant with storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 1156-1167.
    12. Bhattacharjee, Subhadeep & Nayak, Pabitra Kumar, 2019. "PV-pumped energy storage option for convalescing performance of hydroelectric station under declining precipitation trend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 288-302.
    13. Ali M. Eltamaly, 2021. "A Novel Strategy for Optimal PSO Control Parameters Determination for PV Energy Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.
    14. Mohamed, Mohamed A. & Eltamaly, Ali M. & Alolah, Abdulrahman I., 2017. "Swarm intelligence-based optimization of grid-dependent hybrid renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 515-524.
    15. Ali M. Eltamaly, 2021. "An Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-26, February.
    16. Eltamaly, Ali M. & Al-Saud, M.S. & Abokhalil, Ahmed G. & Farh, Hassan M.H., 2020. "Simulation and experimental validation of fast adaptive particle swarm optimization strategy for photovoltaic global peak tracker under dynamic partial shading," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    17. Ishaq, H. & Dincer, I., 2021. "Comparative assessment of renewable energy-based hydrogen production methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Takele Ferede Agajie & Armand Fopah-Lele & Isaac Amoussou & Ahmed Ali & Baseem Khan & Emmanuel Tanyi, 2023. "Optimal Design and Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Solar PV–Biogas Generator with Energy Storage Power Generation System in Multi-Objective Function Cases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Haibing Wang & Chengmin Wang & Weiqing Sun & Muhammad Qasim Khan, 2022. "Energy Pricing and Management for the Integrated Energy Service Provider: A Stochastic Stackelberg Game Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Jiarui Wang & Dexin Li & Xiangyu Lv & Xiangdong Meng & Jiajun Zhang & Tengfei Ma & Wei Pei & Hao Xiao, 2022. "Two-Stage Energy Management Strategies of Sustainable Wind-PV-Hydrogen-Storage Microgrid Based on Receding Horizon Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Zafar A. Khan & Muhammad Imran & Abdullah Altamimi & Ogheneruona E. Diemuodeke & Amged Osman Abdelatif, 2021. "Assessment of Wind and Solar Hybrid Energy for Agricultural Applications in Sudan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Majed A. Alotaibi & Ali M. Eltamaly, 2022. "Upgrading Conventional Power System for Accommodating Electric Vehicle through Demand Side Management and V2G Concepts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-27, September.
    6. Jann Michael Weinand & Maximilian Hoffmann & Jan Gopfert & Tom Terlouw & Julian Schonau & Patrick Kuckertz & Russell McKenna & Leander Kotzur & Jochen Lin{ss}en & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Global LCOEs of decentralized off-grid renewable energy systems," Papers 2212.12742, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    7. Yirga Belay Muna & Cheng-Chien Kuo, 2022. "Feasibility and Techno-Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging of PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System with Different Battery Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-20, June.
    8. Zhilin Lyu & Quan Liu & Bin Liu & Lijun Zheng & Jiaqi Yi & Yongfa Lai, 2022. "Optimal Dispatch of Regional Integrated Energy System Group including Power to Gas Based on Energy Hub," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-22, December.
    9. Ye Liu & Yiwei Zhong & Chaowei Tang, 2023. "Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic/Energy Storage Hybrid Power Systems: Considering Output Characteristics and Uncertainty Factors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-23, July.
    10. Ali M. Eltamaly & Mohamed A. Ahmed, 2023. "Performance Evaluation of Communication Infrastructure for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Community Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, July.
    11. Arkadiusz Dobrzycki & Jacek Roman, 2022. "Correlation between the Production of Electricity by Offshore Wind Farms and the Demand for Electricity in Polish Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    12. Akbar Maleki & Zahra Eskandar Filabi & Mohammad Alhuyi Nazari, 2022. "Techno-Economic Analysis and Optimization of an Off-Grid Hybrid Photovoltaic–Diesel–Battery System: Effect of Solar Tracker," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, June.
    13. Cristian Tapia & Diana Ulloa & Mayra Pacheco-Cunduri & Jorge Hernández-Ambato & Jesús Rodríguez-Flores & Victor Herrera-Perez, 2022. "Optimal Fuzzy-Based Energy Management Strategy to Maximize Self-Consumption of PV Systems in the Residential Sector in Ecuador," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-28, July.
    14. Liwen Zhu & Jun He & Lixun He & Wentao Huang & Yanyang Wang & Zong Liu, 2022. "Optimal Operation Strategy of PV-Charging-Hydrogenation Composite Energy Station Considering Demand Response," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-23, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Javed, Muhammad Shahzad & Ma, Tao & Jurasz, Jakub & Amin, Muhammad Yasir, 2020. "Solar and wind power generation systems with pumped hydro storage: Review and future perspectives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 176-192.
    2. Mahfoud, Rabea Jamil & Alkayem, Nizar Faisal & Zhang, Yuquan & Zheng, Yuan & Sun, Yonghui & Alhelou, Hassan Haes, 2023. "Optimal operation of pumped hydro storage-based energy systems: A compendium of current challenges and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    3. Mensah, Johnson Herlich Roslee & Santos, Ivan Felipe Silva dos & Raimundo, Danielle Rodrigues & Costa de Oliveira Botan, Maria Cláudia & Barros, Regina Mambeli & Tiago Filho, Geraldo Lucio, 2022. "Energy and economic study of using Pumped Hydropower Storage with renewable resources to recover the Furnas reservoir," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 320-334.
    4. Andrade Furtado, Gilton Carlos de & Amarante Mesquita, André Luiz & Morabito, Alessandro & Hendrick, Patrick & Hunt, Julian D., 2020. "Using hydropower waterway locks for energy storage and renewable energies integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    5. Muhannad Alaraj & Astitva Kumar & Ibrahim Alsaidan & Mohammad Rizwan & Majid Jamil, 2022. "An Advanced and Robust Approach to Maximize Solar Photovoltaic Power Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, June.
    6. Emmanouil, Stergios & Nikolopoulos, Efthymios I. & François, Baptiste & Brown, Casey & Anagnostou, Emmanouil N., 2021. "Evaluating existing water supply reservoirs as small-scale pumped hydroelectric storage options – A case study in Connecticut," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    7. Eltamaly, Ali M., 2021. "A novel musical chairs algorithm applied for MPPT of PV systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    8. Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2017. "Pumped hydroelectric energy storage: Analysing global development and assessing potential applications in Turkey based on Vision 2023 hydroelectricity wind and solar energy targets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 146-153.
    9. Ali M. Eltamaly & Zeyad A. Almutairi & Mohamed A. Abdelhamid, 2023. "Modern Optimization Algorithm for Improved Performance of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Partially Shaded PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-22, July.
    10. Chaoyang Chen & Hualing Liu & Yong Xiao & Fagen Zhu & Li Ding & Fuwen Yang, 2022. "Power Generation Scheduling for a Hydro-Wind-Solar Hybrid System: A Systematic Survey and Prospect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-31, November.
    11. Shabani, Masoume & Dahlquist, Erik & Wallin, Fredrik & Yan, Jinyue, 2020. "Techno-economic comparison of optimal design of renewable-battery storage and renewable micro pumped hydro storage power supply systems: A case study in Sweden," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    12. Makhdoomi, Sina & Askarzadeh, Alireza, 2020. "Daily performance optimization of a grid-connected hybrid system composed of photovoltaic and pumped hydro storage (PV/PHS)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 272-285.
    13. Javed, Muhammad Shahzad & Ma, Tao & Jurasz, Jakub & Canales, Fausto A. & Lin, Shaoquan & Ahmed, Salman & Zhang, Yijie, 2021. "Economic analysis and optimization of a renewable energy based power supply system with different energy storages for a remote island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1376-1394.
    14. Shabani, Masoume & Mahmoudimehr, Javad, 2019. "Influence of climatological data records on design of a standalone hybrid PV-hydroelectric power system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 181-194.
    15. Zhang, Yijie & Ma, Tao & Elia Campana, Pietro & Yamaguchi, Yohei & Dai, Yanjun, 2020. "A techno-economic sizing method for grid-connected household photovoltaic battery systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    16. Alqahtani, Bader & Yang, Jin & Paul, Manosh C., 2024. "A techno-economic-environmental assessment of a hybrid-renewable pumped hydropower energy storage system: A case study of Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    17. Wang, Gang & Zhang, Zhen & Lin, Jianqing, 2024. "Multi-energy complementary power systems based on solar energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    18. Hou, Hui & Xu, Tao & Wu, Xixiu & Wang, Huan & Tang, Aihong & Chen, Yangyang, 2020. "Optimal capacity configuration of the wind-photovoltaic-storage hybrid power system based on gravity energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    19. Wesseh, Presley K. & Benjamin, Nelson I. & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "The coordination of pumped hydro storage, electric vehicles, and climate policy in imperfect electricity markets: Insights from China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    20. Jayanta Bhusan Basu & Subhojit Dawn & Pradip Kumar Saha & Mitul Ranjan Chakraborty & Taha Selim Ustun, 2022. "Economic Enhancement of Wind–Thermal–Hydro System Considering Imbalance Cost in Deregulated Power Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-25, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:21:p:7069-:d:667400. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.