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Assessment of Wind and Solar Hybrid Energy for Agricultural Applications in Sudan

Author

Listed:
  • Zafar A. Khan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur A.K. 10250, Pakistan
    College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK)

  • Muhammad Imran

    (College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK)

  • Abdullah Altamimi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ogheneruona E. Diemuodeke

    (Energy and Thermofluid Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500102, Nigeria)

  • Amged Osman Abdelatif

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 51111, Sudan)

Abstract

In addition to zero-carbon generation, the plummeting cost of renewable energy sources (RES) is enabling the increased use of distributed-generation sources. Although the RES appear to be a cheaper source of energy, without the appropriate design of the RES with a true understanding of the nature of the load, they can be an unreliable and expensive source of energy. Limited research has been aimed at designing small-scale hybrid energy systems for irrigation pumping systems, and these studies did not quantify the water requirement, or in turn the energy required to supply the irrigation water. This paper provides a comprehensive feasibility analysis of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for the design of a water-pumping system for irrigation applications in Sudan. A systematic and holistic framework combined with a techno-economic optimization analysis for the planning and design of hybrid renewable energy systems for small-scale irrigation water-pumping systems is presented. Different hybridization cases of solar photovoltaic, wind turbine and battery storage at 12 different sites in Sudan are simulated, evaluated, and compared, considering the crop water requirement for different crops, the borehole depth, and the stochasticity of renewable energy resources. Soil, weather, and climatic data from 12 different sites in Sudan were used for the case studies, with the key aim to find the most robust and reliable solution with the lowest system cost. The results of the case studies suggest that the selection of the system is highly dependent on the cost, the volatility of the wind speed, solar radiation, and the size of the system; at present, hybridization is not the primary option at most of sites, with the exception of two. However, with the reduction in price of wind technology, the possibility of hybrid generation will rise.

Suggested Citation

  • Zafar A. Khan & Muhammad Imran & Abdullah Altamimi & Ogheneruona E. Diemuodeke & Amged Osman Abdelatif, 2021. "Assessment of Wind and Solar Hybrid Energy for Agricultural Applications in Sudan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2021:i:1:p:5-:d:707335
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Majed A. Alotaibi & Ali M. Eltamaly, 2021. "A Smart Strategy for Sizing of Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Supply Remote Loads in Saudi Arabia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-24, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maciej Żołądek & Alexandros Kafetzis & Rafał Figaj & Kyriakos Panopoulos, 2022. "Energy-Economic Assessment of Islanded Microgrid with Wind Turbine, Photovoltaic Field, Wood Gasifier, Battery, and Hydrogen Energy Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Hamza S. Abdalla Lagili & Aşkın Kiraz & Youssef Kassem & Hüseyin Gökçekuş, 2023. "Wind and Solar Energy for Sustainable Energy Production for Family Farms in Coastal Agricultural Regions of Libya Using Measured and Multiple Satellite Datasets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-53, September.
    3. Mohammad Alghassab & Zafar A. Khan & Abdullah Altamimi & Muhammad Imran & Fahad F. Alruwaili, 2022. "Prospects of Hybrid Energy in Saudi Arabia, Exploring Irrigation Application in Shaqra," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Muhammad Sultan & Muhammad Hamid Mahmood & Md Shamim Ahamed & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, 2022. "Energy Systems and Applications in Agriculture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-3, December.

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