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Energy and Emission Implications of Electric Vehicles Integration with Nearly and Net Zero Energy Buildings

Author

Listed:
  • Hassam ur Rehman

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland)

  • Jan Diriken

    (VITO, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
    EnergyVille, Thor Park 8310, B-3600 Genk, Belgium)

  • Ala Hasan

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland)

  • Stijn Verbeke

    (VITO, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
    EnergyVille, Thor Park 8310, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
    Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium)

  • Francesco Reda

    (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

Buildings and the mobility sectors are the two sectors that currently utilize large amount of fossil-based energy. The aim of the paper is to, critically analyse the integration of electric vehicles (EV) energy load with the building’s energy load. The qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyse the nearly/net zero energy buildings and the mobility plans of the Europe along with the challenges of the plans. It is proposed to either include or exclude the EV load within the building’s energy load and follow the emissions calculation path, rather than energy calculation path for buildings to identify the benefits. Two real case studies in a central European climate are used to analysis the energy performance of the building with and without EV load integration and the emissions produced due to their interaction. It is shown that by replacing fossil-fuel cars with EVs within the building boundary, overall emissions can be reduced by 11–35% depending on the case study. However, the energy demand increased by 27–95% when the EV load was added with the building load. Hence, the goal to reach the nearly/net zero energy building target becomes more challenging. Therefore, the emission path can present the benefits of EV and building load integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Hassam ur Rehman & Jan Diriken & Ala Hasan & Stijn Verbeke & Francesco Reda, 2021. "Energy and Emission Implications of Electric Vehicles Integration with Nearly and Net Zero Energy Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-30, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:21:p:6990-:d:664039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Wojciech Cieslik & Filip Szwajca & Jedrzej Zawartowski & Katarzyna Pietrzak & Slawomir Rosolski & Kamil Szkarlat & Michal Rutkowski, 2021. "Capabilities of Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) Electricity Generation to Charge Electric Vehicle (EV) Operating in Real Driving Conditions (RDC)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Park, Musik & Wang, Zhiyuan & Li, Lanyu & Wang, Xiaonan, 2023. "Multi-objective building energy system optimization considering EV infrastructure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    3. Seif Khiati & Rafik Belarbi & Ammar Yahia, 2023. "Sustainable Buildings: A Choice, or a Must for Our Future?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-5, March.
    4. Hernández, José L. & de Miguel, Ignacio & Vélez, Fredy & Vasallo, Ali, 2024. "Challenges and opportunities in European smart buildings energy management: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    5. Vennapusa Jagadeeswara Reddy & N. P. Hariram & Mohd Fairusham Ghazali & Sudhakar Kumarasamy, 2024. "Pathway to Sustainability: An Overview of Renewable Energy Integration in Building Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-36, January.

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