IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i20p6473-d652905.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend

Author

Listed:
  • Stanislaw Szwaja

    (Department of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Michal Gruca

    (Department of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Michal Pyrc

    (Department of Thermal Machinery, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Romualdas Juknelevičius

    (Faculty of Mechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanavičiaus g. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania)

Abstract

Investigation of a new type of fuel for the internal combustion engine, which can be successfully used in both the power generation and the automotive industries, is presented in this article. The proposed fuel is a blend of 75% n-butanol and 25% glycerol. The engine tests conducted with this glycerol–butanol blend were focused on the performance, combustion thermodynamics, and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine. A comparative analysis was performed to find potential similarities and differences in the engine fueled with gasoline 95 and the proposed glycerol–butanol blend. As measured, CO exhaust emissions increased, NOx emissions decreased, and UHC emissions were unchanged for the glycerol–butanol blend when compared to the test with sole gasoline. As regards the engine performance and combustion progress, no significant differences were observed. Exhaust temperature remarkably decreased by 3.4%, which contributed to an increase in the indicated mean effective pressure by approximately 4% compared to gasoline 95. To summarize, the proposed glycerol–butanol blend can be directly used as a replacement for gasoline in internal combustion spark-ignition engines.

Suggested Citation

  • Stanislaw Szwaja & Michal Gruca & Michal Pyrc & Romualdas Juknelevičius, 2021. "Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6473-:d:652905
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/20/6473/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/20/6473/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beatrice, Carlo & Di Blasio, Gabriele & Guido, Chiara & Cannilla, Catia & Bonura, Giuseppe & Frusteri, Francesco, 2014. "Mixture of glycerol ethers as diesel bio-derivable oxy-fuel: Impact on combustion and emissions of an automotive engine combustion system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 236-247.
    2. Tara Larsson & Senthil Krishnan Mahendar & Anders Christiansen-Erlandsson & Ulf Olofsson, 2021. "The Effect of Pure Oxygenated Biofuels on Efficiency and Emissions in a Gasoline Optimised DISI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    3. Simona Silvia Merola & Adrian Irimescu & Silvana Di Iorio & Bianca Maria Vaglieco, 2017. "Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy on the Carbonaceous Structure Formation and Nanoparticle Emission in a DISI Engine Fuelled with Butanol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Abel Rodrigues & João Carlos Bordado & Rui Galhano dos Santos, 2017. "Upgrading the Glycerol from Biodiesel Production as a Source of Energy Carriers and Chemicals—A Technological Review for Three Chemical Pathways," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-36, November.
    5. Zhu, Mingming & Zhang, Zhezi & Zhang, Yang & Liu, Pengfei & Zhang, Dongke, 2017. "An experimental investigation into the ignition and combustion characteristics of single droplets of biochar water slurry fuels in air," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 2160-2167.
    6. Michal Gruca & Michal Pyrc & Magdalena Szwaja & Stanislaw Szwaja, 2020. "Effective Combustion of Glycerol in a Compression Ignition Engine Equipped with Double Direct Fuel Injection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    7. Quispe, César A.G. & Coronado, Christian J.R. & Carvalho Jr., João A., 2013. "Glycerol: Production, consumption, prices, characterization and new trends in combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 475-493.
    8. Gupta, Mayank & Kumar, Naveen, 2012. "Scope and opportunities of using glycerol as an energy source," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4551-4556.
    9. Roussos G. Papagiannakis & Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos & Constantine D. Rakopoulos, 2017. "Theoretical Study of the Effects of Spark Timing on the Performance and Emissions of a Light-Duty Spark Ignited Engine Running under Either Gasoline or Ethanol or Butanol Fuel Operating Modes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sedghi, Reza & Shahbeik, Hossein & Rastegari, Hajar & Rafiee, Shahin & Peng, Wanxi & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Gupta, Vijai Kumar & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lam, Su Shiung & Pan, Junting & Tabatabaei, Meisam & A, 2022. "Turning biodiesel glycerol into oxygenated fuel additives and their effects on the behavior of internal combustion engines: A comprehensive systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michal Gruca & Michal Pyrc & Magdalena Szwaja & Stanislaw Szwaja, 2020. "Effective Combustion of Glycerol in a Compression Ignition Engine Equipped with Double Direct Fuel Injection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Sedghi, Reza & Shahbeik, Hossein & Rastegari, Hajar & Rafiee, Shahin & Peng, Wanxi & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Gupta, Vijai Kumar & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lam, Su Shiung & Pan, Junting & Tabatabaei, Meisam & A, 2022. "Turning biodiesel glycerol into oxygenated fuel additives and their effects on the behavior of internal combustion engines: A comprehensive systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    3. Zhang, Jianan & Wang, Yuesen & Muldoon, Valerie L. & Deng, Sili, 2022. "Crude glycerol and glycerol as fuels and fuel additives in combustion applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    4. Muhammad Harussani Moklis & Shou Cheng & Jeffrey S. Cross, 2023. "Current and Future Trends for Crude Glycerol Upgrading to High Value-Added Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    5. Francesco Asdrubali & Franco Cotana & Federico Rossi & Andrea Presciutti & Antonella Rotili & Claudia Guattari, 2015. "Life Cycle Assessment of New Oxy-Fuels from Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-16, February.
    6. He, Quan (Sophia) & McNutt, Josiah & Yang, Jie, 2017. "Utilization of the residual glycerol from biodiesel production for renewable energy generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 63-76.
    7. Moreira, Rui & Bimbela, Fernando & Gandía, Luis M. & Ferreira, Abel & Sánchez, Jose Luis & Portugal, António, 2021. "Oxidative steam reforming of glycerol. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    8. Tamošiūnas, Andrius & Gimžauskaitė, Dovilė & Uscila, Rolandas & Aikas, Mindaugas, 2019. "Thermal arc plasma gasification of waste glycerol to syngas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Mariem Harabi & Soumaya Neji Bouguerra & Fatma Marrakchi & Loukia P. Chrysikou & Stella Bezergianni & Mohamed Bouaziz, 2019. "Biodiesel and Crude Glycerol from Waste Frying Oil: Production, Characterization and Evaluation of Biodiesel Oxidative Stability with Diesel Blends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-15, April.
    10. Evangelos G. Giakoumis, 2017. "Diesel and Spark Ignition Engines Emissions and After-Treatment Control: Research and Advancements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-4, November.
    11. Is Fatimah & Imam Sahroni & Ganjar Fadillah & Muhammad Miqdam Musawwa & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia & Oki Muraza, 2019. "Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-14, July.
    12. Sidhu, Manpreet Singh & Roy, Murari Mohon & Wang, Wilson, 2018. "Glycerine emulsions of diesel-biodiesel blends and their performance and emissions in a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 148-159.
    13. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, Amin & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina & Hezaveh, Hadi, 2014. "Glycerol for renewable acrolein production by catalytic dehydration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 28-59.
    14. Cornejo, A. & Barrio, I. & Campoy, M. & Lázaro, J. & Navarrete, B., 2017. "Oxygenated fuel additives from glycerol valorization. Main production pathways and effects on fuel properties and engine performance: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1400-1413.
    15. Singh, Paramvir & Varun, & Chauhan, S.R., 2016. "Carbonyl and aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engine exhaust using different feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 269-291.
    16. Mhadi A. Ismael & Morgan R. Heikal & A. Rashid A. Aziz & Cyril Crua & Mohmmed El-Adawy & Zuhaib Nissar & Masri B. Baharom & Ezrann Z. Zainal A. & Firmansyah, 2018. "Investigation of Puffing and Micro-Explosion of Water-in-Diesel Emulsion Spray Using Shadow Imaging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-12, August.
    17. Süleyman Şimşek & Hasan Saygın & Bülent Özdalyan, 2020. "Improvement of Fusel Oil Features and Effect of Its Use in Different Compression Ratios for an SI Engine on Performance and Emission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
    18. Liu, Zengbin & Zhen, Xudong & Tian, Zhi & Liu, Daming & Wang, Yang, 2024. "Study on the effect of injection strategy on the combustion and emission characteristics of direct injection spark ignition bio-butanol engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    19. Kivevele, Thomas & Kichonge, Baraka, 2024. "Techno-economic evaluation of transesterification processes for biodiesel production from low quality non-edible feedstocks: Process design and simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    20. Ismael, Mhadi A. & Heikal, Morgan R. & Aziz, A. Rashid A. & Syah, Firman & Zainal A., Ezrann Z. & Crua, Cyril, 2018. "The effect of fuel injection equipment on the dispersed phase of water-in-diesel emulsions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 762-771.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6473-:d:652905. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.