IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i18p5895-d637600.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Densification of Wood—Influence on Mechanical and Chemical Properties when 11 Naturally Occurring Substances in Wood Are Mixed with Beech and Pine

Author

Listed:
  • Stefan Frodeson

    (Environmental and Energy Systems, Department of Engineering and Chemical Science, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden)

  • Anthony Ike Anukam

    (Environmental and Energy Systems, Department of Engineering and Chemical Science, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden)

  • Jonas Berghel

    (Environmental and Energy Systems, Department of Engineering and Chemical Science, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden)

  • Magnus Ståhl

    (Environmental and Energy Systems, Department of Engineering and Chemical Science, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden)

  • Rasika Lasanthi Kudahettige Nilsson

    (Environmental and Energy Systems, Department of Engineering and Chemical Science, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden)

  • Gunnar Henriksson

    (Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Elizabeth Bosede Aladejana

    (Electron Microscopy Unit, Central Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa)

Abstract

The need to increase the use of renewable biomasses for energy supply, such as fuel pellets is significant. However, different types of biomasses have different mechanical properties to be pelletized, which entails a limitation in available raw materials for pellet producers. Within this study eleven different pure substances from biomasses were separately mixed with European beech and Scots pine, to identify its impact on the densification process. Beech and pine pellets were used as control materials against their corresponding pellets mixed with substances representing: cellulose, hemicelluloses, other polysaccharides, lignin, protein, and extractives. The mechanical properties were investigated as well as FT-IR and SEM analyses on the pellets. The results showed that the addition of the substances xylan and galactan created the hardest pellets for both pine and beech and that adding extractives to wood affects pine more than beech in relation to hardness. The FT-IR data could not provide clear explanations as to the variation in hardness and springback behavior through the identification of major functional groups in each pellet. It can be concluded that biomass residues rich in xylan and galactan increase pellet quality in terms of strength and durability without affecting the production process.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Frodeson & Anthony Ike Anukam & Jonas Berghel & Magnus Ståhl & Rasika Lasanthi Kudahettige Nilsson & Gunnar Henriksson & Elizabeth Bosede Aladejana, 2021. "Densification of Wood—Influence on Mechanical and Chemical Properties when 11 Naturally Occurring Substances in Wood Are Mixed with Beech and Pine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-16, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5895-:d:637600
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5895/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5895/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anthony Ike Anukam & Jonas Berghel & Stefan Frodeson & Elizabeth Bosede Famewo & Pardon Nyamukamba, 2019. "Characterization of Pure and Blended Pellets Made from Norway Spruce and Pea Starch: A Comparative Study of Bonding Mechanism Relevant to Quality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Rodolfo Picchio & Francesco Latterini & Rachele Venanzi & Walter Stefanoni & Alessandro Suardi & Damiano Tocci & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Pellet Production from Woody and Non-Woody Feedstocks: A Review on Biomass Quality Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Saaida Khlifi & Marzouk Lajili & Saoussen Belghith & Salah Mezlini & Fouzi Tabet & Mejdi Jeguirim, 2020. "Briquettes Production from Olive Mill Waste under Optimal Temperature and Pressure Conditions: Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Characterizations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Anukam, Anthony & Berghel, Jonas & Henrikson, Gunnar & Frodeson, Stefan & Ståhl, Magnus, 2021. "A review of the mechanism of bonding in densified biomass pellets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wentao Li & Mingfeng Wang & Fanbin Meng & Yifei Zhang & Bo Zhang, 2022. "A Review on the Effects of Pretreatment and Process Parameters on Properties of Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Stachowicz, Paweł & Stolarski, Mariusz J., 2024. "Pellets from mixtures of short rotation coppice with forest-derived biomass: Production costs and energy intensity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    3. Hívila M. P. Marreiro & Rogério S. Peruchi & Riuzuani M. B. P. Lopes & Silvia L. F. Andersen & Sayonara A. Eliziário & Paulo Rotella Junior, 2021. "Empirical Studies on Biomass Briquette Production: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-40, December.
    4. Ismail Gannan & Hussam Kubaji & Workson Siwale & Stefan Frodeson & G. Venkatesh, 2023. "Streamlined Social Footprint Analysis of the Nascent Bio-Pellet Sub-Sector in Zambia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.
    5. Sergio Paniagua & Alba Prado-Guerra & Ana Isabel Neto & Teresa Nunes & Luís Tarelho & Célia Alves & Luis Fernando Calvo, 2020. "Influence of Varieties and Organic Fertilizer in the Elaboration of a New Poplar-Straw Pellet and Its Emissions in a Domestic Boiler," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.
    6. Nikola Čajová Kantová & Michal Holubčík & Alexander Čaja & Juraj Trnka & Jozef Jandačka, 2022. "Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-9, April.
    7. Espinoza-Monje, J. Flavio & Garcés, Hugo O. & Díaz, Juan & Adam, Roman & Lazo, Jorge & Muñoz, Robinson & Coronado, Matías & Saiz, Gustavo & Azócar, Laura, 2024. "Investigating the properties of shrub biomass pellets through additive and sawdust admixing," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    8. Onu Onu Olughu & Lope G. Tabil & Tim Dumonceaux & Edmund Mupondwa & Duncan Cree, 2021. "Comparative Study on Quality of Fuel Pellets from Switchgrass Treated with Different White-Rot Fungi," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-19, November.
    9. Okey Francis Obi & Ralf Pecenka & Michael J. Clifford, 2022. "A Review of Biomass Briquette Binders and Quality Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, March.
    10. Jakub Styks & Marek Wróbel & Jarosław Frączek & Adrian Knapczyk, 2020. "Effect of Compaction Pressure and Moisture Content on Quality Parameters of Perennial Biomass Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    11. Paweł Stachowicz & Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski, 2022. "Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition of Black Locust, Poplar and Willow Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    12. Menelio Bardales & Catherine Bukowski & Valentín Molina-Moreno & Francisco Jesús Gálvez-Sánchez & Ángel Fermín Ramos-Ridao, 2022. "A Tool for the Assessment of Forest Biomass as a Source of Rural Sustainable Energy in Natural Areas in Honduras," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-15, September.
    13. Saaida Khlifi & Marzouk Lajili & Patrick Perré & Victor Pozzobon, 2022. "A Numerical Study of Turbulent Combustion of a Lignocellulosic Gas Mixture in an Updraft Fixed Bed Reactor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    14. Rodolfo Picchio & Rachele Venanzi & Nicolò Di Marzio & Damiano Tocci & Farzam Tavankar, 2020. "A Comparative Analysis of Two Cable Yarder Technologies Performing Thinning Operations on a 33 Year Old Pine Plantation: A Potential Source of Wood for Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
    15. Rita Petlickaitė & Algirdas Jasinskas & Ramūnas Mieldažys & Kęstutis Romaneckas & Marius Praspaliauskas & Jovita Balandaitė, 2022. "Investigation of Pressed Solid Biofuel Produced from Multi-Crop Biomass," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
    16. Magdalena Dołżyńska & Sławomir Obidziński & Jolanta Piekut & Güray Yildiz, 2020. "The Utilization of Plum Stones for Pellet Production and Investigation of Post-Combustion Flue Gas Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, October.
    17. Grzegorz Łysiak & Ryszard Kulig & Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko, 2023. "Toward New Value-Added Products Made from Anaerobic Digestate: Part 2—Effect of Loading Level on the Densification of Solid Digestate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-18, April.
    18. Pegoretti Leite de Souza, Hector Jesus & Muñoz, Fernando & Mendonça, Regis Teixeira & Sáez, Katia & Olave, Rodrigo & Segura, Cristina & de Souza, Daniel P.L. & de Paula Protásio, Thiago & Rodríguez-So, 2021. "Influence of lignin distribution, physicochemical characteristics and microstructure on the quality of biofuel pellets made from four different types of biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1802-1816.
    19. Anukam, Anthony & Berghel, Jonas & Henrikson, Gunnar & Frodeson, Stefan & Ståhl, Magnus, 2021. "A review of the mechanism of bonding in densified biomass pellets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    20. Walter Stefanoni & Francesco Latterini & Javier Prieto Ruiz & Simone Bergonzoli & Consuelo Attolico & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Mechanical Harvesting of Camelina: Work Productivity, Costs and Seed Loss Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-14, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5895-:d:637600. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.