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Identification of Optimal Binders for Torrefied Biomass Pellets

Author

Listed:
  • James W. Butler

    (National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montréal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada)

  • William Skrivan

    (National Research Council of Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada)

  • Samira Lotfi

    (National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montréal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada)

Abstract

The pretreatment of biomass through torrefaction is an effective means of improving the fuel quality of woody biomass and its suitability for use in existing facilities burning thermal coal. Densification of torrefied biomass produces a fuel of similar energy density, moisture content, and fixed carbon content to low-grade coals. Additionally, if the torrefaction conditions are optimized, the produced torrefied pellet will be resistant to weathering and biological degradation, allowing for outdoor storage and transport in a manner similar to coal. In untreated biomass, lignin is the primary binding agent for biomass pellets and is activated by the heat and pressures of the pellet extrusion process. The thermal degradation of lignin during torrefaction reduces its binding ability, resulting in pellets of low durability not suitable for transportation. The use of a binding agent can increase the durability of torrefied pellets/briquettes through a number of different binding mechanisms depending on the binder used. This study gives a review of granular binding mechanisms, as they apply to torrefied biomass and assesses a variety of organic and inorganic binding agents, ranking them on their applicability to torrefied pellets based on a number of criteria, including durability, hydrophobicity, and cost. The best binders were found to be solid lignin by-product derived from pulp and paper processing, biomass tar derived from biomass pyrolysis, tall oil pitch, and lime.

Suggested Citation

  • James W. Butler & William Skrivan & Samira Lotfi, 2023. "Identification of Optimal Binders for Torrefied Biomass Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3390-:d:1121673
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peng, Jianghong & Bi, Xiaotao T. & Lim, C. Jim & Peng, Hanchao & Kim, Chang Soo & Jia, Dening & Zuo, Haibin, 2015. "Sawdust as an effective binder for making torrefied pellets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 491-498.
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    7. Anukam, Anthony & Berghel, Jonas & Henrikson, Gunnar & Frodeson, Stefan & Ståhl, Magnus, 2021. "A review of the mechanism of bonding in densified biomass pellets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
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    1. Sui, Haiqing & Chen, Jianfeng & Cheng, Wei & Zhu, Youjian & Zhang, Wennan & Hu, Junhao & Jiang, Hao & Shao, Jing'ai & Chen, Hanping, 2024. "Effect of oxidative torrefaction on fuel and pelletizing properties of agricultural biomass in comparison with non-oxidative torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    2. Jiseok Hong & Changwon Chae & Hyunjoong Kim & Hyeokjun Kwon & Jisu Kim & Ijung Kim, 2023. "Investigation to Enhance Solid Fuel Quality in Torrefaction of Cow Manure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-13, June.
    3. Sykorova, Veronika & Jezerska, Lucie & Sassmanova, Veronika & Honus, Stanislav & Peikertova, Pavlina & Kielar, Jan & Zidek, Martin, 2024. "Biomass pellets with organic binders - before and after torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).

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