IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i16p4823-d610288.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Efficiency Comparison of DC and AC Coupling Solutions for Large-Scale PV+BESS Power Plants

Author

Listed:
  • Francesco Lo Franco

    (Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Antonio Morandi

    (Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Pietro Raboni

    (NHOA, 20158 Milano, Italy)

  • Gabriele Grandi

    (Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy)

Abstract

In large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants, the integration of a battery energy storage system (BESS) permits a more flexible operation, allowing the plant to support grid stability. In hybrid PV+BESS plants, the storage system can be integrated by using different power conversion system (PCS) layouts and different charge–discharge strategies. In the AC-coupling layout, the BESS is connected to the ac-side of the system through an additional inverter. In the DC-coupling layout, the BESS is connected to the dc-side, with or without a dedicated dc–dc converter, and no additional inverter is needed. Referring to a 288 MWp PV plant with a 275 MWh BESS, this paper compares the PCS efficiency between AC- and DC-coupling solutions. The power injected into the grid is obtained considering providing primary power-frequency regulation services. A charging and discharging strategy of the BESS is proposed to ensure cyclic battery energy shifting. The power flows in the different components of the system that are obtained under realistic operating conditions, and total energy losses and annual average efficiency are calculated accordingly. Finally, results show a higher efficiency of DC-coupling compared to the AC-coupling layout.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Lo Franco & Antonio Morandi & Pietro Raboni & Gabriele Grandi, 2021. "Efficiency Comparison of DC and AC Coupling Solutions for Large-Scale PV+BESS Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:4823-:d:610288
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4823/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4823/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kosmadakis, Ioannis E. & Elmasides, Costas & Koulinas, Georgios & Tsagarakis, Konstantinos P., 2021. "Energy unit cost assessment of six photovoltaic-battery configurations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 24-41.
    2. Jinkui He & Yongheng Yang & Dmitri Vinnikov, 2020. "Energy Storage for 1500 V Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Reliability Analysis of DC- and AC-Coupling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Susanto, Julius & Shahnia, Farhad & Ludwig, David, 2018. "A framework to technically evaluate integration of utility-scale photovoltaic plants to weak power distribution systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 207-221.
    4. DiOrio, Nicholas & Denholm, Paul & Hobbs, William B., 2020. "A model for evaluating the configuration and dispatch of PV plus battery power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    5. Mathews, Ian & Xu, Bolun & He, Wei & Barreto, Vanessa & Buonassisi, Tonio & Peters, Ian Marius, 2020. "Technoeconomic model of second-life batteries for utility-scale solar considering calendar and cycle aging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    6. Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba & Christian A. Rojas & Samir Kouro & Eduardo Galván Díez, 2016. "Power Production Losses Study by Frequency Regulation in Weak-Grid-Connected Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Nicolás Müller & Samir Kouro & Pericle Zanchetta & Patrick Wheeler & Gustavo Bittner & Francesco Girardi, 2019. "Energy Storage Sizing Strategy for Grid-Tied PV Plants under Power Clipping Limitations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nawaz Edoo & Robert T. F. Ah King, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Plus Battery Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Meshari Alshammari & Maeve Duffy, 2021. "Feasibility Analysis of a DC Distribution System for a 6 kW Photovoltaic Installation in Ireland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-17, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nawaz Edoo & Robert T. F. Ah King, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Plus Battery Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Schleifer, Anna H. & Murphy, Caitlin A. & Cole, Wesley J. & Denholm, Paul, 2022. "Exploring the design space of PV-plus-battery system configurations under evolving grid conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Angel L. Cedeño & Reinier López Ahuar & José Rojas & Gonzalo Carvajal & César Silva & Juan C. Agüero, 2022. "Model Predictive Control for Photovoltaic Plants with Non-Ideal Energy Storage Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    4. Gu, Xubo & Bai, Hanyu & Cui, Xiaofan & Zhu, Juner & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Zhaojian & Hu, Xiaosong & Song, Ziyou, 2024. "Challenges and opportunities for second-life batteries: Key technologies and economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    5. Rômulo de Oliveira Azevêdo & Paulo Rotela Junior & Luiz Célio Souza Rocha & Gianfranco Chicco & Giancarlo Aquila & Rogério Santana Peruchi, 2020. "Identification and Analysis of Impact Factors on the Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy Investments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-40, September.
    6. D'Adamo, Idiano & Mammetti, Marco & Ottaviani, Dario & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2023. "Photovoltaic systems and sustainable communities: New social models for ecological transition. The impact of incentive policies in profitability analyses," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1291-1304.
    7. Shahjalal, Mohammad & Roy, Probir Kumar & Shams, Tamanna & Fly, Ashley & Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Ahmed, Md. Rishad & Liu, Kailong, 2022. "A review on second-life of Li-ion batteries: prospects, challenges, and issues," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    8. Binghong Han & Jonathon R. Harding & Johanna K. S. Goodman & Zhuhua Cai & Quinn C. Horn, 2022. "End-of-Charge Temperature Rise and State-of-Health Evaluation of Aged Lithium-Ion Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Ahsan, Syed M. & Khan, Hassan A. & Hassan, Naveed-ul & Arif, Syed M. & Lie, Tek-Tjing, 2020. "Optimized power dispatch for solar photovoltaic-storage system with multiple buildings in bilateral contracts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    10. Saranchimeg, Sainbold & Nair, Nirmal K.C., 2021. "A novel framework for integration analysis of large-scale photovoltaic plants into weak grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    11. Ding, Kun & Chen, Xiang & Weng, Shuai & Liu, Yongjie & Zhang, Jingwei & Li, Yuanliang & Yang, Zenan, 2023. "Health status evaluation of photovoltaic array based on deep belief network and Hausdorff distance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    12. Li, He & Liu, Pan & Guo, Shenglian & Cheng, Lei & Huang, Kangdi & Feng, Maoyuan & He, Shaokun & Ming, Bo, 2021. "Deriving adaptive long-term complementary operating rules for a large-scale hydro-photovoltaic hybrid power plant using ensemble Kalman filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    13. Castillejo-Cuberos, A. & Cardemil, J.M. & Escobar, R., 2023. "Techno-economic assessment of photovoltaic plants considering high temporal resolution and non-linear dynamics of battery storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    14. DiOrio, Nicholas & Denholm, Paul & Hobbs, William B., 2020. "A model for evaluating the configuration and dispatch of PV plus battery power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    15. Aree Wangsupphaphol & Surachai Chaitusaney & Mohamed Salem, 2023. "A Techno-Economic Assessment of a Second-Life Battery and Photovoltaics Hybrid Power Source for Sustainable Electric Vehicle Home Charging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-19, March.
    16. Sai Vinayak Ganesh & Matilde D’Arpino, 2023. "Critical Comparison of Li-Ion Aging Models for Second Life Battery Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-23, March.
    17. repec:cte:wsrepe:38369 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Gunkel, Philipp Andreas & Kachirayil, Febin & Bergaentzlé, Claire-Marie & McKenna, Russell & Keles, Dogan & Jacobsen, Henrik Klinge, 2023. "Uniform taxation of electricity: incentives for flexibility and cost redistribution among household categories," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    19. Emanuele Michelini & Patrick Höschele & Florian Ratz & Michael Stadlbauer & Werner Rom & Christian Ellersdorfer & Jörg Moser, 2023. "Potential and Most Promising Second-Life Applications for Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Technical, Economic and Legal Aspects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    20. Md. Tanjil Sarker & Mohammed Hussein Saleh Mohammed Haram & Siow Jat Shern & Gobbi Ramasamy & Fahmid Al Farid, 2024. "Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries for Home Photovoltaic Systems: Transforming Energy Storage and Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-23, May.
    21. Zhao, Yi-Bo & Dong, Xiao-Jian & Shen, Jia-Ni & He, Yi-Jun, 2024. "Simultaneous sizing and scheduling optimization for PV-wind-battery hybrid systems with a modified battery lifetime model: A high-resolution analysis in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:4823-:d:610288. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.