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A model for evaluating the configuration and dispatch of PV plus battery power plants

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  • DiOrio, Nicholas
  • Denholm, Paul
  • Hobbs, William B.

Abstract

An open-source model was developed to optimize energy storage operation for photovoltaic- (PV-) plus-battery systems with AC-coupled and DC-coupled configurations. It includes the ability to use forecast energy prices to optimize battery charge and discharge on a rolling time horizon. The model allows for exploration of different configurations, including capital costs, inverter performance, dispatch flexibility, and capturing otherwise clipped energy for the DC-coupled system. The model can run 20 full years of hourly data in approximately two seconds, allowing comparison of a large number of configurations. We applied the model in a test case demonstrating reduced inverter clipping for DC-coupled systems and yielded slightly higher overall value than AC-coupled systems, with an approximately 2 percent increase in internal rate of return or benefit/cost ratio. Our results show that at current estimated prices for lithium-ion battery systems, large-scale PV-plus-battery plants are economically viable under the right conditions, with the configuration playing a role in system flexibility and performance. This model provides the ability for project developers, industry professionals, and researchers to use readily available software to quickly evaluate and design these systems.

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  • DiOrio, Nicholas & Denholm, Paul & Hobbs, William B., 2020. "A model for evaluating the configuration and dispatch of PV plus battery power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:262:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919321531
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114465
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    3. Francesco Lo Franco & Antonio Morandi & Pietro Raboni & Gabriele Grandi, 2021. "Efficiency Comparison of DC and AC Coupling Solutions for Large-Scale PV+BESS Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-22, August.
    4. Murphy, C.A. & Schleifer, A. & Eurek, K., 2021. "A taxonomy of systems that combine utility-scale renewable energy and energy storage technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    5. Nawaz Edoo & Robert T. F. Ah King, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Plus Battery Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Gorman, Will & Montañés, Cristina Crespo & Mills, Andrew & Kim, James Hyungkwan & Millstein, Dev & Wiser, Ryan, 2022. "Are coupled renewable-battery power plants more valuable than independently sited installations?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    7. Zhang, Yijie & Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing, 2022. "Grid-connected photovoltaic battery systems: A comprehensive review and perspectives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
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    9. Bahloul, Mohamed & Daoud, Mohamed & Khadem, Shafi K., 2024. "Optimal dispatch of battery energy storage for multi-service provision in a collocated PV power plant considering battery ageing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    10. Schleifer, Anna H. & Murphy, Caitlin A. & Cole, Wesley J. & Denholm, Paul, 2022. "Exploring the design space of PV-plus-battery system configurations under evolving grid conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
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    12. Gunkel, Philipp Andreas & Kachirayil, Febin & Bergaentzlé, Claire-Marie & McKenna, Russell & Keles, Dogan & Jacobsen, Henrik Klinge, 2023. "Uniform taxation of electricity: incentives for flexibility and cost redistribution among household categories," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).

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