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Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines

Author

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  • Nur Alia Farina Mohamad Nasir

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir

    (Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research Centre (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Miszaina Osman

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir

    (Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia)

  • Nur Hazirah Zaini

    (Power, High Voltage and Energy (PHIVE) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Nik Hakimi Nik Ali

    (College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia)

Abstract

This paper presents an optimum earthing system design for improving the lightning performance of a 500 kV transmission line for its sustainable operation. The study includes an interpretation of the soil profile and compares the results between default and new earthing arrangements for improving tower footing resistance and tower footing impedance. An evaluation of the tower footing resistance (TFR) and impedance (Ri) before and after earthing improvement was carried out. Moreover, the effects of TFR and Ri, also known as low and high-frequency earthing, respectively, based on a specification of TFR and soil resistivity (SR) ranges at various sites were also considered. The analysis was carried out using the SESCAD tool of Current Distribution Electromagnetic Field Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis software (CDEGS) and PSCAD/EMTDC software for low and high frequency earthing, respectively. From the analysis, the results showed that the new earthing arrangement reduced the TFR by 74.11% for Tower T40, 75.71% for Tower T41 and 80.83% for Tower T42. For Ri, the results also demonstrated that the values were significantly decreased below the TFR during a high frequency operation due to the soil ionisation phenomenon that took place during the lightning. All these improvements are now being investigated and studied in all 500 kV networks in Malaysia, where lightning is considered as a major threat in relation to power outages.

Suggested Citation

  • Nur Alia Farina Mohamad Nasir & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir & Miszaina Osman & Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman & Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin & Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir & Nur Hazirah Zaini & Nik Hakimi Nik A, 2021. "Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:4736-:d:608331
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nur Farahi Idris & Farhan Hanaffi, 2020. "Investigations on the Performance of Grounding Device with Spike Rods (GDSR) with the Effects of Soil Resistivity and Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-31, July.
    2. Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Syarifah Abdullah, 2018. "Performance of Practical Grounding Systems under High Impulse Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Syarifah Amanina Syed Abdullah & Azwan Mahmud & Farhan Hanaffi, 2019. "Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Vegard Steinsland & Lasse Hugo Sivertsen & Emil Cimpan & Shujun Zhang, 2019. "A New Approach to Include Complex Grounding System in Lightning Transient Studies and EMI Evaluations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Vasilios P. Androvitsaneas & Katerina D. Damianaki & Christos A. Christodoulou & Ioannis F. Gonos, 2020. "Effect of Soil Resistivity Measurement on the Safe Design of Grounding Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, June.
    6. Ukar, Olatz & Zamora, Inmaculada, 2011. "Wind farm grounding system design for transient currents," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 2004-2010.
    7. Donghui Luo & Yongxing Cao & Yu Zhang & Shijun Xie & Chenmeng Zhang & Shuping Cao, 2021. "Study on Structural Parameters and Analysis Method of Soil Successive Impulse Discharge Channel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
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    1. Bowen Dou & Rui Liu & Youping Tu & Bo Zhang, 2022. "A Method for Calculating Grounding Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Foundation Grounding Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-10, June.

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