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Impact of Earthing System Designs and Soil Characteristics on Tower Footing Impedance and Ground Potential Rise: A Modelling Approach for Sustainable Power Operation

Author

Listed:
  • Nur Alia Farina Mohamad Nasir

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir

    (Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research Centre (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Miszaina Osman

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin

    (Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir

    (Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia)

  • Nur Hazirah Zaini

    (Power, High Voltage and Energy (PHIVE) Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Nik Hakimi Nik Ali

    (College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia)

Abstract

Improving a tower earthing system by reducing the impedance is an effective solution to prevent back flashover from occurring and thus maintaining the sustainable operation of power supply. Knowledge of the soil and earthing structure is an important element when designing an earthing system and to determine the parameters of a transmission line (TL). This paper presents the computation of soil structure interpretation based on several earthing designs using current distribution, electromagnetic interference, grounding, and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) software. The results showed that each tower has a multi-layer soil structure and it was also found that the soil resistivity at the surface layer strongly affected the earthing impedance. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that soil structure and the earthing design arrangement are the two parameters that significantly affected the ground potential rise (GPR). This aspect affects the resistance and impulse impedance of a tower and thus influences the performance of the TL system when subjected to lightning strike, which is undoubtedly one of the major culprits of power outages in Malaysia.

Suggested Citation

  • Nur Alia Farina Mohamad Nasir & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir & Miszaina Osman & Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman & Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin & Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir & Nur Hazirah Zaini & Nik Hakimi Nik A, 2021. "Impact of Earthing System Designs and Soil Characteristics on Tower Footing Impedance and Ground Potential Rise: A Modelling Approach for Sustainable Power Operation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:15:p:8370-:d:602493
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nur Farahi Idris & Farhan Hanaffi, 2020. "Investigations on the Performance of Grounding Device with Spike Rods (GDSR) with the Effects of Soil Resistivity and Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-31, July.
    2. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Syarifah Amanina Syed Abdullah, 2019. "Investigations on the Performance of a New Grounding Device with Spike Rods under High Magnitude Current Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Syarifah Amanina Syed Abdullah & Azwan Mahmud & Farhan Hanaffi, 2019. "Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Pornchai Sestasombut & Atthapol Ngaopitakkul, 2019. "Evaluation of a Direct Lightning Strike to the 24 kV Distribution Lines in Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-31, August.
    5. Giovanni Aiello & Salvatore Alfonzetti & Santi Agatino Rizzo & Nunzio Salerno, 2019. "Thin Conductor Modelling Combined with a Hybrid Numerical Method to Evaluate the Transferred Potential from Isolated Grounding System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-11, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Onyedikachi Samuel Nnamdi & Gomes Chandima, 2023. "New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-21, October.

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