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Investigations on the Performance of Grounding Device with Spike Rods (GDSR) with the Effects of Soil Resistivity and Configurations

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Wali Abdul Ali

    (Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Jalan Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia)

  • Nurul Nadia Ahmad

    (Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Jalan Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia)

  • Normiza Mohamad Nor

    (Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Jalan Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia)

  • Nur Farahi Idris

    (Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Jalan Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia)

  • Farhan Hanaffi

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Melaka 76100, Malaysia)

Abstract

In a recently published work, the characteristics of a new grounding device with spike rods (GDSR) with various arrangements of ground electrodes under high magnitude impulse currents (up to 16 kA), was investigated. In an earlier study, the ground electrodes were installed in low resistivity test media, with resistance at steady state (Rdc) values ranging from 11 Ω to 75 Ω. In practice, various soil resistivity, ranging from a few Ohm-metres to several kiloOhm-metres, have been reported in the standards. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the characteristics of GDSR with different arrangements of ground electrodes in various soil resistivities under high impulse currents. In this present paper, six configurations of ground electrodes are used, installed at three different sites and subjected to high impulse conditions. Impulse test data of all the grounding systems are analyzed. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to compute the electric field values of the ground electrodes achieved. It is found that the highest electric field occurs in the presence of electrodes with the highest Rdc, soil resistivity and current magnitudes. This new data would be useful in bolstering the performance of GDSR in various types of soil resistivities, electrode arrangements and current magnitudes, which may allow for optimum design of grounding systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nur Farahi Idris & Farhan Hanaffi, 2020. "Investigations on the Performance of Grounding Device with Spike Rods (GDSR) with the Effects of Soil Resistivity and Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-31, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:14:p:3538-:d:382212
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Syarifah Abdullah, 2018. "Performance of Practical Grounding Systems under High Impulse Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Syarifah Amanina Syed Abdullah & Azwan Mahmud & Farhan Hanaffi, 2019. "Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Syarifah Amanina Syed Abdullah, 2019. "Investigations on the Performance of a New Grounding Device with Spike Rods under High Magnitude Current Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-18, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hanis Hamizah Hizamul-Din & Normiza Mohamad Nor, 2021. "Analysis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Surge Arrester Connected to Various Ground Electrodes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Nur Alia Farina Mohamad Nasir & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir & Miszaina Osman & Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman & Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin & Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir & Nur Hazirah Zaini & Nik Hakimi Nik A, 2021. "Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Hanis Hamizah Hizamul-Din & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Dzulkafley Abd Samad & Muhd Norhasri Muhd Sidek, 2021. "Investigative Study of Vertical Electrodes Encased in Concrete/Mortar with Various Sizes of Air Voids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-11, May.
    4. Nur Alia Farina Mohamad Nasir & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir & Miszaina Osman & Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman & Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin & Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir & Nur Hazirah Zaini & Nik Hakimi Nik A, 2021. "Impact of Earthing System Designs and Soil Characteristics on Tower Footing Impedance and Ground Potential Rise: A Modelling Approach for Sustainable Power Operation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Ya'acob, M.E. & Lu, Li & Zulkifli, S.A. & Roslan, N. & Ahmad, W.F.H. Wan, 2023. "Agrivoltaic approach in improving soil resistivity in large scale solar farms for energy sustainability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    6. Normiza Mohamad Nor, 2023. "Review: Factors Affecting the Performance of Ground Electrodes under High Impulse Currents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-13, May.
    7. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor, 2020. "Effect of Impulse Polarity on a New Grounding Device with Spike Rods (GDSR)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-19, September.

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