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Review: Factors Affecting the Performance of Ground Electrodes under High Impulse Currents

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  • Normiza Mohamad Nor

    (Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia)

Abstract

Most studies have observed that the impedance values of ground electrodes under high impulse conditions (Z imp ) are lower than the resistance values under steady-state conditions (R DC ). It has been suggested that this is due to the ionisation process in soil, where streamers will propagate away from the electrodes, causing an increase in the ionisation zone, thus reducing the Z imp values. The percentage difference between Z imp and R DC is found to be dependent on several factors. This paper aims to review and present the findings of previously published work on the percentage difference between Z imp and R DC in relation to various factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Normiza Mohamad Nor, 2023. "Review: Factors Affecting the Performance of Ground Electrodes under High Impulse Currents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:10:p:4236-:d:1152425
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Syarifah Abdullah, 2018. "Performance of Practical Grounding Systems under High Impulse Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Hanis Hamizah Hizamul-Din & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Nur Farahi Idris & Azwan Mahmud, 2021. "Investigations on the Performance of Various Horizontal Ground Electrodes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Normiza Mohamad Nor, 2021. "On the Characterisations of the Impulse Breakdown in High Resistivity Soils by Field Testing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nur Farahi Idris & Farhan Hanaffi, 2020. "Investigations on the Performance of Grounding Device with Spike Rods (GDSR) with the Effects of Soil Resistivity and Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-31, July.
    5. Muhd Shahirad Reffin & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Nurul Azlina Abdul Rahman & Noradlina Abdullah & Norhasliza Hatta & Mohd Pauzi Yahaya, 2022. "Effectiveness of Large Soil Grain Sizes in Studying Impulse Characteristics of Soil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Abdul Wali Abdul Ali & Nurul Nadia Ahmad & Normiza Mohamad Nor, 2020. "Effect of Impulse Polarity on a New Grounding Device with Spike Rods (GDSR)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-19, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Onyedikachi Samuel Nnamdi & Gomes Chandima, 2023. "New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-21, October.

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