IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i13p4055-d588921.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of the Charging and Discharging Process of LiFePO 4 Battery Pack

Author

Listed:
  • Wiesław Madej

    (Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Andrzej Wojciechowski

    (Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

A serious issue relative to the construction of electronic devices is proper power source selection. This problem is of particular importance when we are dealing with portable devices operating in varying environmental conditions, such as military equipment. A serious problem in the construction of electronic devices is the correct selection of the power source. In these types of devices, lithium-ion batteries are commonly used nowadays, and in particular their variety—lithium iron phosphate battery—LiFePO 4 . Apart from the many advantages of this type of battery offers, such as high power and energy density, a high number of charge and discharge cycles, and low self-discharge. They also have a major drawback—a risk of damage due to excessive discharge or overcharge. This article studies the process of charging and discharging a battery pack composed of cells with different initial charge levels. An attempt was made to determine the risk of damage to the cells relative to the differences in the initial charge level of the battery pack cells. It was verified, whether the successive charging and discharging cycles reduce or increase the differences in the amount of energy stored in individual cells of the pack.

Suggested Citation

  • Wiesław Madej & Andrzej Wojciechowski, 2021. "Analysis of the Charging and Discharging Process of LiFePO 4 Battery Pack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-12, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:4055-:d:588921
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/4055/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/4055/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dian Wang & Yun Bao & Jianjun Shi, 2017. "Online Lithium-Ion Battery Internal Resistance Measurement Application in State-of-Charge Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Zhongbao Wei & Feng Leng & Zhongjie He & Wenyu Zhang & Kaiyuan Li, 2018. "Online State of Charge and State of Health Estimation for a Lithium-Ion Battery Based on a Data–Model Fusion Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    3. In-Ho Cho & Pyeong-Yeon Lee & Jong-Hoon Kim, 2019. "Analysis of the Effect of the Variable Charging Current Control Method on Cycle Life of Li-ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Zhihao Yu & Ruituo Huai & Linjing Xiao, 2015. "State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Kalman Filter Based on Local Linearization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Xin Sui & Maciej Świerczyński & Remus Teodorescu & Daniel-Ioan Stroe, 2021. "The Degradation Behavior of LiFePO 4 /C Batteries during Long-Term Calendar Aging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.
    6. Sung-Tae Ko & Jaehyung Lee & Jung-Hoon Ahn & Byoung Kuk Lee, 2019. "Innovative Modeling Approach for Li-Ion Battery Packs Considering Intrinsic Cell Unbalances and Packaging Elements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-13, January.
    7. Yun Bao & Wenbin Dong & Dian Wang, 2018. "Online Internal Resistance Measurement Application in Lithium Ion Battery Capacity and State of Charge Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-11, April.
    8. Ming-Hui Chang & Han-Pang Huang & Shu-Wei Chang, 2013. "A New State of Charge Estimation Method for LiFePO 4 Battery Packs Used in Robots," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-24, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yun Bao & Yuansheng Chen, 2021. "Lithium-Ion Battery Real-Time Diagnosis with Direct Current Impedance Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Fulin Fan & Giorgio Zorzi & David Campos-Gaona & Graeme Burt & Olimpo Anaya-Lara & John Nwobu & Ander Madariaga, 2021. "Sizing and Coordination Strategies of Battery Energy Storage System Co-Located with Wind Farm: The UK Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Wang, Yujie & Tian, Jiaqiang & Sun, Zhendong & Wang, Li & Xu, Ruilong & Li, Mince & Chen, Zonghai, 2020. "A comprehensive review of battery modeling and state estimation approaches for advanced battery management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    4. Ingvild B. Espedal & Asanthi Jinasena & Odne S. Burheim & Jacob J. Lamb, 2021. "Current Trends for State-of-Charge (SoC) Estimation in Lithium-Ion Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, June.
    5. Ines Baccouche & Sabeur Jemmali & Bilal Manai & Noshin Omar & Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, 2017. "Improved OCV Model of a Li-Ion NMC Battery for Online SOC Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-22, May.
    6. Nicolae Tudoroiu & Mohammed Zaheeruddin & Roxana-Elena Tudoroiu, 2020. "Real Time Design and Implementation of State of Charge Estimators for a Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cobalt Battery with Applicability in HEVs/EVs—A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-45, May.
    7. Shehzar Shahzad Sheikh & Mahnoor Anjum & Muhammad Abdullah Khan & Syed Ali Hassan & Hassan Abdullah Khalid & Adel Gastli & Lazhar Ben-Brahim, 2020. "A Battery Health Monitoring Method Using Machine Learning: A Data-Driven Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-16, July.
    8. Sandoval, Cinda & Alvarado, Victor M. & Carmona, Jean-Claude & Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe & Gomez-Aguilar, J.F., 2017. "Energy management control strategy to improve the FC/SC dynamic behavior on hybrid electric vehicles: A frequency based distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 407-418.
    9. He, Hongwen & Xiong, Rui & Peng, Jiankun, 2016. "Real-time estimation of battery state-of-charge with unscented Kalman filter and RTOS μCOS-II platform," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1410-1418.
    10. F. Isorna Llerena & E. López González & J. J. Caparrós Mancera & F. Segura Manzano & J. M. Andújar, 2021. "Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, May.
    11. Jing Hou & He He & Yan Yang & Tian Gao & Yifan Zhang, 2019. "A Variational Bayesian and Huber-Based Robust Square Root Cubature Kalman Filter for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, May.
    12. Hu, Xiaosong & Feng, Fei & Liu, Kailong & Zhang, Lei & Xie, Jiale & Liu, Bo, 2019. "State estimation for advanced battery management: Key challenges and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Ibrahim M. Safwat & Weilin Li & Xiaohua Wu, 2017. "A Novel Methodology for Estimating State-Of-Charge of Li-Ion Batteries Using Advanced Parameters Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-16, November.
    14. Sheng Yang & Wenwei Wang & Cheng Lin & Weixiang Shen & Yiding Li, 2019. "Investigation of Internal Short Circuits of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Mechanical Abusive Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, May.
    15. Cuma, Mehmet Ugras & Koroglu, Tahsin, 2015. "A comprehensive review on estimation strategies used in hybrid and battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 517-531.
    16. Van Quan Dao & Minh-Chau Dinh & Chang Soon Kim & Minwon Park & Chil-Hoon Doh & Jeong Hyo Bae & Myung-Kwan Lee & Jianyong Liu & Zhiguo Bai, 2021. "Design of an Effective State of Charge Estimation Method for a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Using Extended Kalman Filter and Artificial Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, May.
    17. Ashikur Rahman & Xianke Lin & Chongming Wang, 2022. "Li-Ion Battery Anode State of Charge Estimation and Degradation Monitoring Using Battery Casing via Unknown Input Observer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.
    18. Lyons, P.F. & Wade, N.S. & Jiang, T. & Taylor, P.C. & Hashiesh, F. & Michel, M. & Miller, D., 2015. "Design and analysis of electrical energy storage demonstration projects on UK distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 677-691.
    19. Nimalsiri, Nanduni I. & Ratnam, Elizabeth L. & Mediwaththe, Chathurika P. & Smith, David B. & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2021. "Coordinated charging and discharging control of electric vehicles to manage supply voltages in distribution networks: Assessing the customer benefit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    20. Shrivastava, Prashant & Soon, Tey Kok & Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna Bin & Mekhilef, Saad, 2019. "Overview of model-based online state-of-charge estimation using Kalman filter family for lithium-ion batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:4055-:d:588921. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.