IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i11p3090-d562532.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Design and Testing of a Low-Tech DEW Generator for Determining Electromagnetic Immunity of Standard Electronic Circuits

Author

Listed:
  • Libor Dražan

    (Department of Communication Technologies, Electronic Warfare and Radars, University of Defense, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic)

  • René Križan

    (Department of Communication Technologies, Electronic Warfare and Radars, University of Defense, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Miroslav Popela

    (Department of Communication Technologies, Electronic Warfare and Radars, University of Defense, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic)

Abstract

This article describes the effect of high-power electromagnetic environments (HPEMs) on the operation of all basic elements of electrical power networks. Frequency bands are defined for the HPEM environments. Attention is focused particularly on directed energy weapons (DEWs) and intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI). A classification of DEW and IEMI generators in terms of E-field level and target distance from the DEW or IEMI generator antenna aperture is also described. The main focus of this article is on the design and testing of a low-tech DEW generator used to determine the electromagnetic immunity of standard electronic circuits. In addition, verification of electromagnetic immunity for a simple electronic circuit without adequate protection against the E-field is also explained. The outcome of this article is the determination of the E-field limits for fault-free operation, for malfunctioning states of the tested circuits and for irreversible destruction of the circuits. The measured E-field was compared to basic microwave radiation theory and to simulation results in COMSOL Multiphysics software (COMSOL, Inc. 100 District Avenue Burlington, MA 01803 USA).

Suggested Citation

  • Libor Dražan & René Križan & Miroslav Popela, 2021. "Design and Testing of a Low-Tech DEW Generator for Determining Electromagnetic Immunity of Standard Electronic Circuits," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3090-:d:562532
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3090/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3090/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mayank Singh & Rakesh Chandra Jha, 2019. "Object-Oriented Usability Indices for Multi-Objective Demand Side Management Using Teaching-Learning Based Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-25, January.
    2. Danny Ochoa & Sergio Martinez, 2018. "Proposals for Enhancing Frequency Control in Weak and Isolated Power Systems: Application to the Wind-Diesel Power System of San Cristobal Island-Ecuador," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-25, April.
    3. Huiyong Hu & Xiaoming Wang & Yonggang Peng & Yanghong Xia & Miao Yu & Wei Wei, 2017. "Stability Analysis and Stability Enhancement Based on Virtual Harmonic Resistance for Meshed DC Distributed Power Systems with Constant Power Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    4. Daner Hu & Yonggang Peng & Wei Wei & Yalong Hu, 2020. "Distributed Secondary Control for State of Charge Balancing with Virtual Impedance Adjustment in a DC Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Wenxia Liu & Dapeng Guo & Yahui Xu & Rui Cheng & Zhiqiang Wang & Yueqiao Li, 2018. "Reliability Assessment of Power Systems with Photovoltaic Power Stations Based on Intelligent State Space Reduction and Pseudo-Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
    6. Luis Galván & Juan M. Navarro & Eduardo Galván & Juan M. Carrasco & Andrés Alcántara, 2019. "Optimal Scheduling of Energy Storage Using A New Priority-Based Smart Grid Control Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-17, February.
    7. Konstantinos Kotsalos & Ismael Miranda & Nuno Silva & Helder Leite, 2019. "A Horizon Optimization Control Framework for the Coordinated Operation of Multiple Distributed Energy Resources in Low Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-27, March.
    8. Manuel Castillo-Cagigal & Eduardo Matallanas & Estefanía Caamaño-Martín & Álvaro Gutiérrez Martín, 2018. "SwarmGrid: Demand-Side Management with Distributed Energy Resources Based on Multifrequency Agent Coordination," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    9. Paulína Šujanová & Monika Rychtáriková & Tiago Sotto Mayor & Affan Hyder, 2019. "A Healthy, Energy-Efficient and Comfortable Indoor Environment, a Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-37, April.
    10. Amin Shokri Gazafroudi & Javier Prieto & Juan Manuel Corchado, 2019. "Virtual Organization Structure for Agent-Based Local Electricity Trading," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-11, April.
    11. Roberto Casado-Vara & Zita Vale & Javier Prieto & Juan M. Corchado, 2018. "Fault-Tolerant Temperature Control Algorithm for IoT Networks in Smart Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, December.
    12. Pedro Faria & João Spínola & Zita Vale, 2018. "Distributed Energy Resources Scheduling and Aggregation in the Context of Demand Response Programs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, July.
    13. Ricardo Faia & Pedro Faria & Zita Vale & João Spinola, 2019. "Demand Response Optimization Using Particle Swarm Algorithm Considering Optimum Battery Energy Storage Schedule in a Residential House," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pedro Faria & Zita Vale, 2019. "Distributed Energy Resources Management 2018," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-4, December.
    2. Pawan Kumar & Gagandeep Singh Brar & Surjit Singh & Srete Nikolovski & Hamid Reza Baghaee & Zoran Balkić, 2019. "Perspectives and Intensification of Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Buildings Using Strategic Auditing and Demand-Side Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-31, November.
    3. Felix Garcia-Torres & Ascension Zafra-Cabeza & Carlos Silva & Stephane Grieu & Tejaswinee Darure & Ana Estanqueiro, 2021. "Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Functionalities: Review and Future Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-26, February.
    4. Konstantinos Kotsalos & Ismael Miranda & Nuno Silva & Helder Leite, 2019. "A Horizon Optimization Control Framework for the Coordinated Operation of Multiple Distributed Energy Resources in Low Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-27, March.
    5. Tomasz Sikorski & Michal Jasiński & Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma & Magdalena Węglarz & Dominika Kaczorowska & Paweł Kostyla & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Robert Lis & Jacek Rezmer & Wilhelm Rojewski & Marian Sobi, 2020. "A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Technical Aspects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-30, June.
    6. Roberto Casado-Vara & Angel Martín del Rey & Ricardo S. Alonso & Saber Trabelsi & Juan M. Corchado, 2020. "A New Stability Criterion for IoT Systems in Smart Buildings: Temperature Case Study," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-13, August.
    7. Dana-Mihaela Petroșanu & George Căruțașu & Nicoleta Luminița Căruțașu & Alexandru Pîrjan, 2019. "A Review of the Recent Developments in Integrating Machine Learning Models with Sensor Devices in the Smart Buildings Sector with a View to Attaining Enhanced Sensing, Energy Efficiency, and Optimal B," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-64, December.
    8. Khalid Haseeb & Naveed Islam & Yasir Javed & Usman Tariq, 2020. "A Lightweight Secure and Energy-Efficient Fog-Based Routing Protocol for Constraint Sensors Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    9. Fernando Lezama & Ricardo Faia & Pedro Faria & Zita Vale, 2020. "Demand Response of Residential Houses Equipped with PV-Battery Systems: An Application Study Using Evolutionary Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, May.
    10. Saqib Javed & Ivar Rognhaug Ørnes & Tor Helge Dokka & Maria Myrup & Sverre Bjørn Holøs, 2021. "Evaluating the Use of Displacement Ventilation for Providing Space Heating in Unoccupied Periods Using Laboratory Experiments, Field Tests and Numerical Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-33, February.
    11. Dariusz Tarnapowicz & Sergey German-Galkin & Marek Staude, 2021. "Investigation Concerning the Excitation Loss of Synchronous Generators in a Stand-Alone Ship Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-17, May.
    12. Stine Kloster & Anne Marie Kirkegaard & Michael Davidsen & Anne Illemann Christensen & Niss Skov Nielsen & Lars Gunnarsen & Annette Kjær Ersbøll, 2022. "Patterns of Perceived Indoor Environment in Danish Homes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-15, September.
    13. Michał Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Dominika Kaczorowska & Jacek Rezmer & Vishnu Suresh & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Paweł Kostyła & Jarosław Szymańda & Przemysław Janik & Jacek Bieńkowski & Przemysław Prus, 2021. "A Case Study on a Hierarchical Clustering Application in a Virtual Power Plant: Detection of Specific Working Conditions from Power Quality Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-13, February.
    14. Hamed Yassaghi & Simi Hoque, 2021. "Impact Assessment in the Process of Propagating Climate Change Uncertainties into Building Energy Use," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-27, January.
    15. Huaizhi Wang & Xian Zhang & Qing Li & Guibin Wang & Hui Jiang & Jianchun Peng, 2018. "Recursive Method for Distribution System Reliability Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Hosna Khajeh & Hannu Laaksonen & Amin Shokri Gazafroudi & Miadreza Shafie-khah, 2019. "Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, December.
    17. Davide Deltetto & Davide Coraci & Giuseppe Pinto & Marco Savino Piscitelli & Alfonso Capozzoli, 2021. "Exploring the Potentialities of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Incentive-Based Demand Response in a Cluster of Small Commercial Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-25, May.
    18. Mohammed, Nooriya A. & Al-Bazi, Ammar, 2021. "Management of renewable energy production and distribution planning using agent-based modelling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 509-520.
    19. Aleksejs Prozuments & Anatolijs Borodinecs & Guna Bebre & Diana Bajare, 2023. "A Review on Trombe Wall Technology Feasibility and Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, February.
    20. Qing Yang & Nianping Li, 2022. "Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Shading on Thermal, Visual, and Acoustic Properties of Indoor Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-17, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3090-:d:562532. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.