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Evaluation of the Properties and Usefulness of Ashes from the Corn Grain Drying Process Biomass

Author

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  • Grzegorz Zając

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Gleboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Maj

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Gleboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Gleboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Tomasz Słowik

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Gleboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Paweł Krzaczek

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Gleboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Wojciech Gołębiowski

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Gleboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Marcin Dębowski

    (Division of Low Emission Energy Sources and Waste Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

The paper presents the results of a study on chemical composition of ashes from three types of waste biomass in terms of fertilizer usefulness. Waste from the process of corn grain drying, including corn cobs, corn grains and corn husk and their mixtures in the ratio 4:1 ( v / v ) were examined. The study proved that corn grain was the material with the highest concentration of macroelements among those studied (P—21,452 ppm, K—25,970 ppm, S—5911 ppm) and the mixture of corn cobs with corn grains (Ca—81,521 ppm). When microelements were considered, the highest concentration was recorded for corn cobs (Cu—207 ppm, Mn—844 ppm, Zn—857 ppm) and corn husk (Fe—15,100 ppm). The analysis of toxic elements in the ashes of the biomass studied showed their highest concentration in corn husk ash (Ni—494 ppm, Cr—301 ppm, Pb—42.7 ppm, As—4.62 ppm). The analysis showed that regardless of the type of biomass studied, all ashes were strongly enriched (in relation to the average soil content) with phosphorus and corn husk ash with calcium in particular. A slight enrichment in copper and lead was recorded for all ashes, and moderate or low for the other elements. It was found that the examined ashes from biomass, which is a residue from the drying of maize grain, have a high fertilizer usefulness.

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz Zając & Grzegorz Maj & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Tomasz Słowik & Paweł Krzaczek & Wojciech Gołębiowski & Marcin Dębowski, 2020. "Evaluation of the Properties and Usefulness of Ashes from the Corn Grain Drying Process Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:5:p:1290-:d:330882
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Grzegorz Maj & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Grzegorz Zając & Tomasz Słowik & Paweł Krzaczek & Wiesław Piekarski, 2019. "Energy and Emission Characteristics of Biowaste from the Corn Grain Drying Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Jordi Payá & Josefa Roselló & José María Monzó & Alejandro Escalera & María Pilar Santamarina & María Victoria Borrachero & Lourdes Soriano, 2018. "An Approach to a New Supplementary Cementing Material: Arundo donax Straw Ash," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Magdalena Dołżyńska & Sławomir Obidziński & Małgorzata Kowczyk-Sadowy & Małgorzata Krasowska, 2019. "Densification and Combustion of Cherry Stones," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Grzegorz Zając & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Wojciech Gołębiowski & Małgorzata Szczepanik, 2018. "Chemical Characteristics of Biomass Ashes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Maj, Grzegorz & Krzaczek, Paweł & Stamirowska-Krzaczek, Ewa & Lipińska, Halina & Kornas, Rafał, 2019. "Assessment of energy and physicochemical biomass properties of selected forecrop plant species," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 520-529.
    6. Vanessa S. Schulz & Sebastian Munz & Kerstin Stolzenburg & Jens Hartung & Sebastian Weisenburger & Klaus Mastel & Kurt Möller & Wilhelm Claupein & Simone Graeff-Hönninger, 2018. "Biomass and Biogas Yield of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Grown under Artificial Shading," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-17, November.
    7. Grzegorz Maj & Agnieszka Najda & Kamila Klimek & Sebastian Balant, 2019. "Estimation of Energy and Emissions Properties of Waste from Various Species of Mint in the Herbal Products Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    8. Ramūnas Mieldažys & Eglė Jotautienė & Algirdas Jasinskas, 2019. "The Opportunities of Sustainable Biomass Ashes and Poultry Manure Recycling for Granulated Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-16, August.
    9. Bonassa, Gabriela & Schneider, Lara Talita & Canever, Victor Bruno & Cremonez, Paulo André & Frigo, Elisandro Pires & Dieter, Jonathan & Teleken, Joel Gustavo, 2018. "Scenarios and prospects of solid biofuel use in Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2365-2378.
    10. Weronika Kruszelnicka, 2020. "A New Model for Environmental Assessment of the Comminution Process in the Chain of Biomass Energy Processing †," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.
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    3. Arkadiusz J. Derkacz & Agnieszka Dudziak, 2021. "Savings and Investment Decisions in the Polish Energy Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Grzegorz Maj & Paweł Krzaczek & Wojciech Gołębiowski & Tomasz Słowik & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Grzegorz Zając, 2022. "Energy Consumption and Quality of Pellets Made of Waste from Corn Grain Drying Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, July.

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