IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i4p865-d321358.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Wind Farm Yaw Optimization via Random Search Algorithm

Author

Listed:
  • Jim Kuo

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA)

  • Kevin Pan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA)

  • Ni Li

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
    School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, China)

  • He Shen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA)

Abstract

One direction in optimizing wind farm production is reducing wake interactions from upstream turbines. This can be done by optimizing turbine layout as well as optimizing turbine yaw and pitch angles. In particular, wake steering by optimizing yaw angles of wind turbines in farms has received significant attention in recent years. One of the challenges in yaw optimization is developing fast optimization algorithms which can find good solutions in real-time. In this work, we developed a random search algorithm to optimize yaw angles. Optimization was performed on a layout of 39 turbines in a 2 km by 2 km domain. Algorithm specific parameters were tuned for highest solution quality and lowest computational cost. Testing showed that this algorithm can find near-optimal (<1% of best known solutions) solutions consistently over multiple runs, and that quality solutions can be found under 200 iterations. Empirical results show that as wind farm density increases, the potential for yaw optimization increases significantly, and that quality solutions are likely to be plentiful and not unique.

Suggested Citation

  • Jim Kuo & Kevin Pan & Ni Li & He Shen, 2020. "Wind Farm Yaw Optimization via Random Search Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:4:p:865-:d:321358
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/4/865/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/4/865/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ju Feng & Wen Zhong Shen, 2015. "Modelling Wind for Wind Farm Layout Optimization Using Joint Distribution of Wind Speed and Wind Direction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2018. "Continuous adjoint formulation for wind farm layout optimization: A 2D implementation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2333-2345.
    3. Guo-Wei Qian & Takeshi Ishihara, 2018. "A New Analytical Wake Model for Yawed Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Kuo, Jim Y.J. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2015. "A mechanistic semi-empirical wake interaction model for wind farm layout optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2157-2165.
    5. Pérez, Beatriz & Mínguez, Roberto & Guanche, Raúl, 2013. "Offshore wind farm layout optimization using mathematical programming techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 389-399.
    6. Lopez, Daniel & Kuo, Jim & Li, Ni, 2019. "A novel wake model for yawed wind turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 158-167.
    7. Yu-Ting Wu & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2012. "Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Wind-Turbine Wakes: An LES Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-23, December.
    8. Chowdhury, Souma & Zhang, Jie & Messac, Achille & Castillo, Luciano, 2012. "Unrestricted wind farm layout optimization (UWFLO): Investigating key factors influencing the maximum power generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 16-30.
    9. González, Javier Serrano & Gonzalez Rodriguez, Angel G. & Mora, José Castro & Santos, Jesús Riquelme & Payan, Manuel Burgos, 2010. "Optimization of wind farm turbines layout using an evolutive algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1671-1681.
    10. Serrano González, Javier & Burgos Payán, Manuel & Riquelme Santos, Jesús & González Rodríguez, Ángel Gaspar, 2015. "Maximizing the overall production of wind farms by setting the individual operating point of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 219-229.
    11. Guirguis, David & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2017. "Gradient-based multidisciplinary design of wind farms with continuous-variable formulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 279-291.
    12. Tanvir Ahmad & Abdul Basit & Muneeb Ahsan & Olivier Coupiac & Nicolas Girard & Behzad Kazemtabrizi & Peter C. Matthews, 2019. "Implementation and Analyses of Yaw Based Coordinated Control of Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, April.
    13. Grady, S.A. & Hussaini, M.Y. & Abdullah, M.M., 2005. "Placement of wind turbines using genetic algorithms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 259-270.
    14. Turner, S.D.O. & Romero, D.A. & Zhang, P.Y. & Amon, C.H. & Chan, T.C.Y., 2014. "A new mathematical programming approach to optimize wind farm layouts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 674-680.
    15. Tanvir Ahmad & Abdul Basit & Juveria Anwar & Olivier Coupiac & Behzad Kazemtabrizi & Peter C. Matthews, 2019. "Fast Processing Intelligent Wind Farm Controller for Production Maximisation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
    16. Wagner, Markus & Day, Jareth & Neumann, Frank, 2013. "A fast and effective local search algorithm for optimizing the placement of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 64-70.
    17. Kusiak, Andrew & Song, Zhe, 2010. "Design of wind farm layout for maximum wind energy capture," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 685-694.
    18. Wim Munters & Johan Meyers, 2018. "Dynamic Strategies for Yaw and Induction Control of Wind Farms Based on Large-Eddy Simulation and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-32, January.
    19. Adaramola, M.S. & Krogstad, P.-Å., 2011. "Experimental investigation of wake effects on wind turbine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2078-2086.
    20. Kuo, Jim Y.J. & Romero, David A. & Beck, J. Christopher & Amon, Cristina H., 2016. "Wind farm layout optimization on complex terrains – Integrating a CFD wake model with mixed-integer programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 404-414.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dhoot, Aditya & Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2021. "Optimizing wind farms layouts for maximum energy production using probabilistic inference: Benchmarking reveals superior computational efficiency and scalability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    2. Antonio Crespo, 2022. "Wakes of Wind Turbines in Yaw for Wind Farm Power Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-3, September.
    3. Shen, Wen Zhong & Lin, Jian Wei & Jiang, Yu Hang & Feng, Ju & Cheng, Li & Zhu, Wei Jun, 2023. "A novel yaw wake model for wind farm control applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dinçer, A.E. & Demir, A. & Yılmaz, K., 2024. "Multi-objective turbine allocation on a wind farm site," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    2. Azlan, F. & Kurnia, J.C. & Tan, B.T. & Ismadi, M.-Z., 2021. "Review on optimisation methods of wind farm array under three classical wind condition problems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Yang, Kyoungboo & Kwak, Gyeongil & Cho, Kyungho & Huh, Jongchul, 2019. "Wind farm layout optimization for wake effect uniformity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 983-995.
    4. Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2020. "Optimal design of wind farms in complex terrains using computational fluid dynamics and adjoint methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    5. Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2018. "Continuous adjoint formulation for wind farm layout optimization: A 2D implementation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2333-2345.
    6. Kuo, Jim Y.J. & Romero, David A. & Beck, J. Christopher & Amon, Cristina H., 2016. "Wind farm layout optimization on complex terrains – Integrating a CFD wake model with mixed-integer programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 404-414.
    7. Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2018. "Realistic Wind Farm Layout Optimization through Genetic Algorithms Using a Gaussian Wake Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-26, November.
    8. Kyoungboo Yang & Kyungho Cho, 2019. "Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Wind Farm Layout Optimization: A Benchmark Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-15, November.
    9. Dhoot, Aditya & Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2021. "Optimizing wind farms layouts for maximum energy production using probabilistic inference: Benchmarking reveals superior computational efficiency and scalability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    10. Guirguis, David & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2017. "Gradient-based multidisciplinary design of wind farms with continuous-variable formulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 279-291.
    11. Guirguis, David & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2016. "Toward efficient optimization of wind farm layouts: Utilizing exact gradient information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 110-123.
    12. Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2021. "Wind Farm Area Shape Optimization Using Newly Developed Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-25, July.
    13. Muhammad Nabeel Hussain & Nadeem Shaukat & Ammar Ahmad & Muhammad Abid & Abrar Hashmi & Zohreh Rajabi & Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, 2022. "Effective Realization of Multi-Objective Elitist Teaching–Learning Based Optimization Technique for the Micro-Siting of Wind Turbines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-24, July.
    14. Lo Brutto, Ottavio A. & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Gualous, Hamid, 2017. "Assessing the effectiveness of a global optimum strategy within a tidal farm for power maximization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 653-666.
    15. Rodrigues, S. & Bauer, P. & Bosman, Peter A.N., 2016. "Multi-objective optimization of wind farm layouts – Complexity, constraint handling and scalability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 587-609.
    16. Yamani Douzi Sorkhabi, Sami & Romero, David A. & Beck, J. Christopher & Amon, Cristina H., 2018. "Constrained multi-objective wind farm layout optimization: Novel constraint handling approach based on constraint programming," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 341-353.
    17. Abdelsalam, Ali M. & El-Shorbagy, M.A., 2018. "Optimization of wind turbines siting in a wind farm using genetic algorithm based local search," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 748-755.
    18. Muhammad Nabeel Hussain & Nadeem Shaukat & Ammar Ahmad & Muhammad Abid & Abrar Hashmi & Zohreh Rajabi & Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, 2022. "Micro-Siting of Wind Turbines in an Optimal Wind Farm Area Using Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization Technique," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-24, July.
    19. Serrano González, Javier & Burgos Payán, Manuel & Santos, Jesús Manuel Riquelme & González-Longatt, Francisco, 2014. "A review and recent developments in the optimal wind-turbine micro-siting problem," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 133-144.
    20. Aguayo, Maichel M. & Fierro, Pablo E. & De la Fuente, Rodrigo A. & Sepúlveda, Ignacio A. & Figueroa, Dante M., 2021. "A mixed-integer programming methodology to design tidal current farms integrating both cost and benefits: A case study in the Chacao Channel, Chile," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:4:p:865-:d:321358. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.