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Multiobjective Optimization for the Greener Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ethylene Carbonate by CO 2 and Epichlorohydrin via Response Surface Methodology

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  • Bisi Olaniyan

    (School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK)

  • Basudeb Saha

    (School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK)

Abstract

In this paper, a statistical analysis with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to investigate and optimize process variables for the greener synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate (CMEC) by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). Using the design expert software, a quadratic model was developed to study the interactions effect between four independent variables and the reaction responses. The adequacy of the model was validated by correlation between the experimental and predicted values of the responses using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The proposed Box-Behnken design (BBD) method suggested 29 runs for data acquisition and modelling the response surface. The optimum reaction conditions of 353 K, 11 bar CO 2 pressure, and 12 h using fresh 12% ( w / w ) Zr/ZIF-8 catalyst loading produced 93% conversion of ECH and 68% yield of CMEC. It was concluded that the predicted and experimental values are in excellent agreement with ±1.55% and ±1.54% relative errors from experimental results for both the conversion of ECH and CMEC yield, respectively. Therefore, statistical modelling using RSM can be used as a reliable prediction technique for system optimization for greener synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate via CO 2 utilization.

Suggested Citation

  • Bisi Olaniyan & Basudeb Saha, 2020. "Multiobjective Optimization for the Greener Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ethylene Carbonate by CO 2 and Epichlorohydrin via Response Surface Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-27, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:3:p:741-:d:318104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bisi Olaniyan & Basudeb Saha, 2020. "Comparison of Catalytic Activity of ZIF-8 and Zr/ZIF-8 for Greener Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ethylene Carbonate by CO 2 Utilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-25, January.
    2. Jack P. C. Kleijnen, 2015. "Response Surface Methodology," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Michael C Fu (ed.), Handbook of Simulation Optimization, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 81-104, Springer.
    3. Aboelazayem, Omar & El-Gendy, Nour Sh. & Abdel-Rehim, Ahmed A. & Ashour, Fatma & Sadek, Mohamed A., 2018. "Biodiesel production from castor oil in Egypt: Process optimisation, kinetic study, diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 843-852.
    4. Khairulazhar Jumbri & Mohd Fahruddin Al-Haniff Rozy & Siti Efliza Ashari & Rosfarizan Mohamad & Mahiran Basri & Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi, 2015. "Optimisation and Characterisation of Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of a Kojic Monooleate Ester in a Solvent-Free System by Response Surface Methodology," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Yong Xie & Ting-Ting Wang & Xiao-Huan Liu & Kun Zou & Wei-Qiao Deng, 2013. "Capture and conversion of CO2 at ambient conditions by a conjugated microporous polymer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-7, October.
    6. Onyenkeadi, Victor & Kellici, Suela & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Greener synthesis of 1,2-butylene carbonate from CO2 using graphene-inorganic nanocomposite catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 867-876.
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