IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i21p5673-d437370.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges

Author

Listed:
  • Tomasz Banaszkiewicz

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Maciej Chorowski

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Wojciech Gizicki

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Artur Jedrusyna

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jakub Kielar

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Ziemowit Malecha

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Piotrowska

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jaroslaw Polinski

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Rogala

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Korneliusz Sierpowski

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Janusz Skrzypacz

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Michal Stanclik

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Tomczuk

    (Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Piotr Dowżenko

    (Remontowa LNG Systems, 84-230 Rumia, Poland)

Abstract

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the most influential fuels of the 21st century, especially in terms of the global economy. The demand for LNG is forecasted to reach 400 million tonnes by 2020, increasing up to 500 million tonnes in 2030. Due to its high mass and volumetric energy density, LNG is the perfect fuel for long-distance transport, as well as for use in mobile applications. It is also characterized by low levels of emissions, which is why it has been officially approved for use as a marine fuel in Emission Control Areas (ECAs) where stricter controls have been established to minimize the airborne emissions produced by ships. LNG is also an emerging fuel in heavy road and rail transport. As a cryogenic fuel that is characterized by a boiling temperature of about 120 K (−153 °C), LNG requires the special construction of cryogenic mobile installations to fulfill conflicting requirements, such as a robust mechanical construction and a low number of heat leaks to colder parts of the system under high safety standards. This paper provides a profound review of LNG applications in waterborne and land transport. Exemplary constructions of LNG engine supply systems are presented and discussed from the mechanical and thermodynamic points of view. Physical exergy recovery during LNG regasification is analyzed, and different methods of the process are both analytically and experimentally compared. The issues that surround two-phase flows and phase change processes in LNG regasification and recondensation are addressed, and technical solutions for boil-off gas recondensation are proposed. The paper also looks at the problems surrounding LNG installation data acquisition and control systems, concluding with a discussion of the impact of LNG technologies on future trends in low-emission transport.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomasz Banaszkiewicz & Maciej Chorowski & Wojciech Gizicki & Artur Jedrusyna & Jakub Kielar & Ziemowit Malecha & Agnieszka Piotrowska & Jaroslaw Polinski & Zbigniew Rogala & Korneliusz Sierpowski & Ja, 2020. "Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-35, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5673-:d:437370
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/21/5673/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/21/5673/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Szargut, Jan & Szczygiel, Ireneusz, 2009. "Utilization of the cryogenic exergy of liquid natural gas (LNG) for the production of electricity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 827-837.
    2. Tsatsaronis, G. & Morosuk, T., 2010. "Advanced exergetic analysis of a novel system for generating electricity and vaporizing liquefied natural gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 820-829.
    3. Paltsev, Sergey, 2014. "Scenarios for Russia's natural gas exports to 2050," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 262-270.
    4. Choi, In-Hwan & Lee, Sangick & Seo, Yutaek & Chang, Daejun, 2013. "Analysis and optimization of cascade Rankine cycle for liquefied natural gas cold energy recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 179-195.
    5. Hao, Han & Liu, Zongwei & Zhao, Fuquan & Li, Weiqi, 2016. "Natural gas as vehicle fuel in China: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 521-533.
    6. Arkadiusz Brenk & Pawel Pluszka & Ziemowit Malecha, 2018. "Numerical Study of Flow Maldistribution in Multi-Plate Heat Exchangers Based on Robust 2D Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, November.
    7. Zbigniew Rogala & Arkadiusz Brenk & Ziemowit Malecha, 2019. "Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Freezing Risk During LNG Evaporation Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, April.
    8. Kupecki, Jakub & Papurello, Davide & Lanzini, Andrea & Naumovich, Yevgeniy & Motylinski, Konrad & Blesznowski, Marcin & Santarelli, Massimo, 2018. "Numerical model of planar anode supported solid oxide fuel cell fed with fuel containing H2S operated in direct internal reforming mode (DIR-SOFC)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1573-1584.
    9. La Rocca, Vincenzo, 2010. "Cold recovery during regasification of LNG part one: Cold utilization far from the regasification facility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2049-2058.
    10. Romero Gómez, M. & Ferreiro Garcia, R. & Romero Gómez, J. & Carbia Carril, J., 2014. "Review of thermal cycles exploiting the exergy of liquefied natural gas in the regasification process," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 781-795.
    11. Kochunni, Sarun Kumar & Joy, Jubil & Chowdhury, Kanchan, 2019. "LNG boil-off gas reliquefaction by Brayton refrigeration system – Part 2: Improvements over basic configuration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 861-873.
    12. Kanbur, Baris Burak & Xiang, Liming & Dubey, Swapnil & Choo, Fook Hoong & Duan, Fei, 2017. "Cold utilization systems of LNG: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1171-1188.
    13. Kochunni, Sarun Kumar & Chowdhury, Kanchan, 2019. "LNG boil-off gas reliquefaction by Brayton refrigeration system – Part 1: Exergy analysis and design of the basic configuration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 753-764.
    14. Wang, Zhe & Cai, Wenjian & Han, Fenghui & Ji, Yulong & Li, Wenhua & Sundén, Bengt, 2019. "Feasibility study on a novel heat exchanger network for cryogenic liquid regasification with cooling capacity recovery: Theoretical and experimental assessments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 771-781.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Łukasz Warguła & Mateusz Kukla & Piotr Lijewski & Michał Dobrzyński & Filip Markiewicz, 2020. "Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Ejder, Emir & Dinçer, Samet & Arslanoglu, Yasin, 2024. "Decarbonization strategies in the maritime industry: An analysis of dual-fuel engine performance and the carbon intensity indicator," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    3. Jessie R. Smith & Savvas Gkantonas & Epaminondas Mastorakos, 2022. "Modelling of Boil-Off and Sloshing Relevant to Future Liquid Hydrogen Carriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-32, March.
    4. Artur S. Bartosik, 2022. "Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow: A Review of Contributions to the Special Issue," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-8, April.
    5. A. A. Avramenko & I. V. Shevchuk & Yu. Yu. Kovetskaya & N. P. Dmitrenko, 2021. "An Integral Method for Natural Convection of Van Der Waals Gases over a Vertical Plate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-12, July.
    6. Zbigniew Rogala & Michał Stanclik & Dariusz Łuszkiewicz & Ziemowit Malecha, 2023. "Perspectives for the Use of Biogas and Biomethane in the Context of the Green Energy Transformation on the Example of an EU Country," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-11, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. He, Tianbiao & Chong, Zheng Rong & Zheng, Junjie & Ju, Yonglin & Linga, Praveen, 2019. "LNG cold energy utilization: Prospects and challenges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 557-568.
    2. García, Ramón Ferreiro & Carril, Jose Carbia & Gomez, Javier Romero & Gomez, Manuel Romero, 2016. "Combined cascaded Rankine and direct expander based power units using LNG (liquefied natural gas) cold as heat sink in LNG regasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 16-24.
    3. Kanbur, Baris Burak & Xiang, Liming & Dubey, Swapnil & Choo, Fook Hoong & Duan, Fei, 2017. "Cold utilization systems of LNG: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1171-1188.
    4. Badami, Marco & Bruno, Juan Carlos & Coronas, Alberto & Fambri, Gabriele, 2018. "Analysis of different combined cycles and working fluids for LNG exergy recovery during regasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 373-384.
    5. Atienza-Márquez, Antonio & Bruno, Joan Carles & Akisawa, Atsushi & Coronas, Alberto, 2019. "Performance analysis of a combined cold and power (CCP) system with exergy recovery from LNG-regasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 448-461.
    6. Lee, Inkyu & You, Fengqi, 2019. "Systems design and analysis of liquid air energy storage from liquefied natural gas cold energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 168-180.
    7. Fang, Zhenhua & Pan, Zhen & Ma, Guiyang & Yu, Jingxian & Shang, Liyan & Zhang, Zhien, 2023. "Exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental analysis and multi-objective optimization of a novel combined cooling, heating and power system for liquefied natural gas cold energy recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    8. Lee, Inkyu & Park, Jinwoo & You, Fengqi & Moon, Il, 2019. "A novel cryogenic energy storage system with LNG direct expansion regasification: Design, energy optimization, and exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 691-705.
    9. Lee, Inkyu & Park, Jinwoo & Moon, Il, 2017. "Conceptual design and exergy analysis of combined cryogenic energy storage and LNG regasification processes: Cold and power integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 106-115.
    10. Romero Gómez, M. & Ferreiro Garcia, R. & Romero Gómez, J. & Carbia Carril, J., 2014. "Review of thermal cycles exploiting the exergy of liquefied natural gas in the regasification process," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 781-795.
    11. Fahmy, M.F.M. & Nabih, H.I. & El-Rasoul, T.A., 2015. "Optimization and comparative analysis of LNG regasification processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 371-385.
    12. Bian, Jiang & Yang, Jian & Liu, Yang & Li, Yuxing & Cao, Xuewen, 2022. "Analysis and efficiency enhancement for energy-saving re-liquefaction processes of boil-off gas without external refrigeration cycle on LNG carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    13. Lee, Ung & Mitsos, Alexander, 2017. "Optimal multicomponent working fluid of organic Rankine cycle for exergy transfer from liquefied natural gas regasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 489-501.
    14. Joy, Jubil & Kochunni, Sarun Kumar & Chowdhury, Kanchan, 2022. "Size reduction and enhanced power generation in ORC by vaporizing LNG at high supercritical pressure irrespective of delivery pressure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    15. Park, Jinwoo & You, Fengqi & Cho, Hyungtae & Lee, Inkyu & Moon, Il, 2020. "Novel massive thermal energy storage system for liquefied natural gas cold energy recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    16. Liu, Yanni & Guo, Kaihua, 2011. "A novel cryogenic power cycle for LNG cold energy recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2828-2833.
    17. Kanbur, Baris Burak & Xiang, Liming & Dubey, Swapnil & Choo, Fook Hoong & Duan, Fei, 2018. "Finite sum based thermoeconomic and sustainable analyses of the small scale LNG cold utilized power generation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 944-961.
    18. Szczygieł, Ireneusz & Stanek, Wojciech & Szargut, Jan, 2016. "Application of the Stirling engine driven with cryogenic exergy of LNG (liquefied natural gas) for the production of electricity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 25-31.
    19. Zhao, Liang & Dong, Hui & Tang, Jiajun & Cai, Jiuju, 2016. "Cold energy utilization of liquefied natural gas for capturing carbon dioxide in the flue gas from the magnesite processing industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 45-56.
    20. Atienza-Márquez, Antonio & Bruno, Joan Carles & Akisawa, Atsushi & Nakayama, Masayuki & Coronas, Alberto, 2019. "Fluids selection and performance analysis of a polygeneration plant with exergy recovery from LNG-regasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 1020-1036.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:21:p:5673-:d:437370. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.