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Properties of Hydrochar as Function of Feedstock, Reaction Conditions and Post-Treatment

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  • Andrea Kruse

    (Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Chair of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Thomas A. Zevaco

    (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany)

Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology to convert wet biomass into carbon-rich materials. Until now, the chemical processes occurring and their influence on the product properties are not well understood. Therefore, a target-oriented production of materials with defined properties is difficult, if not impossible. Here, model compounds such as cellulose and lignin, as well as different definite biomasses such as straw and beech wood are converted by hydrothermal carbonization. Following this, thermogravimetic (TGA) and FTIR measurements are used to get information about chemical structure and thermal properties of the related hydrochars. Some of the isolated materials are thermally post-treated (490 °C and 700 °C) and analyzed. The results show that at “mild” HTC conversion, the cellulose part in a lignocellulose matrix is not completely carbonized and there is still cellulose present. Thermal post-treatment makes the properties of product materials more similar and shows complete carbonization with increase aromatic cross-linking, proven by TGA and FTIR results.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Kruse & Thomas A. Zevaco, 2018. "Properties of Hydrochar as Function of Feedstock, Reaction Conditions and Post-Treatment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:3:p:674-:d:136621
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xu, Feng & Yu, Jianming & Tesso, Tesfaye & Dowell, Floyd & Wang, Donghai, 2013. "Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignocellulosic biomass using infrared techniques: A mini-review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 801-809.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adrian Knapczyk & Sławomir Francik & Marcin Jewiarz & Agnieszka Zawiślak & Renata Francik, 2020. "Thermal Treatment of Biomass: A Bibliometric Analysis—The Torrefaction Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-31, December.
    2. Heiner Brookman & Fabian Gievers & Volker Zelinski & Jan Ohlert & Achim Loewen, 2018. "Influence of Hydrothermal Carbonization on Composition, Formation and Elimination of Biphenyls, Dioxins and Furans in Sewage Sludge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, June.
    3. Agnieszka Urbanowska & Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz & Christian Aragon-Briceño & Mateusz Wnukowski & Artur Pożarlik & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Marcin Baranowski & Michał Czerep & Przemysław Seruga & Hali, 2021. "Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Wilk, Małgorzata & Magdziarz, Aneta & Kalemba-Rec, Izabela & Szymańska-Chargot, Monika, 2020. "Upgrading of green waste into carbon-rich solid biofuel by hydrothermal carbonization: The effect of process parameters on hydrochar derived from acacia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    5. Manfredi Picciotto Maniscalco & Maurizio Volpe & Antonio Messineo, 2020. "Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Valuable Tool for Energy and Environmental Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
    6. Pablo J. Arauzo & Maciej P. Olszewski & Andrea Kruse, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization Brewer’s Spent Grains with the Focus on Improving the Degradation of the Feedstock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    7. Liang, Wang & Wang, Guangwei & Xu, Runsheng & Ning, Xiaojun & Zhang, Jianliang & Guo, Xingmin & Ye, Lian & Li, Jinhua & Jiang, Chunhe & Wang, Peng & Wang, Chuan, 2022. "Hydrothermal carbonization of forest waste into solid fuel: Mechanism and combustion behavior," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    8. Mateusz Jackowski & Lukasz Niedzwiecki & Magdalena Lech & Mateusz Wnukowski & Amit Arora & Monika Tkaczuk-Serafin & Marcin Baranowski & Krystian Krochmalny & Vivek K. Veetil & Przemysław Seruga & Anna, 2020. "HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.

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