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Hydrothermal Liquefaction Enhanced by Various Chemicals as a Means of Sustainable Dairy Manure Treatment

Author

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  • Junying Chen

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Lijun Wang

    (Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

  • Bo Zhang

    (Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

  • Rui Li

    (Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

  • Abolghasem Shahbazi

    (Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

Abstract

Because of the increase in concentrated animal feeding operations, there is a growing interest in sustainable manure management. In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of dairy manure enhanced by various chemicals (NH 3 ·H 2 O, H 3 PO 4 , and glycerol) was proposed as a sustainable alternative for the dairy manure management. The applications of NH 3 ·H 2 O and H 3 PO 4 during HTL could significantly enhance the production of liquid chemicals. The addition of NH 3 ·H 2 O or glycerol increased the amounts of non-polar toluene, xylene, and other benzene-contained compounds, while the use of H 3 PO 4 produced high amounts of acids, pyridine, 3-methyl-pyridine, 2,6-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2-cyclopenten-1-ones, and phenols. The biochars produced via HTL showed a significant increase in the surface area/pore volume and relatively higher N, P, C, and other minerals, and may serve as a good soil amendment and nutrient source. The preliminary energy analyses showed that the energy consumption of this process might be reduced to 50% of the original energy content of the feedstock, and the energy payback period was about 3.5 years. Combining all advantages, HTL of dairy manure might increase the sustainability of the farming operation via producing energy products, fine chemicals, and biochars.

Suggested Citation

  • Junying Chen & Lijun Wang & Bo Zhang & Rui Li & Abolghasem Shahbazi, 2018. "Hydrothermal Liquefaction Enhanced by Various Chemicals as a Means of Sustainable Dairy Manure Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:230-:d:127865
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    2. Samson Gichuki & Behnam Tabatabai & Viji Sitther, 2023. "Biocrude Production Using a Novel Cyanobacterium: Pilot-Scale Cultivation and Lipid Extraction via Hydrothermal Liquefaction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Fang, Jun & Liu, Zhuangzhuang & Luan, Hui & Liu, Fen & Yuan, Xingzhong & Long, Shundong & Wang, Andong & Ma, Yong & Xiao, Zhihua, 2021. "Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 32-41.
    4. Rabah, Ali A., 2022. "Livestock manure availability and syngas production: A case of Sudan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    5. Gao, Ying & Liu, Yinghui & Zhu, Guangkuo & Xu, Jiayu & xu, Hui & Yuan, Qiaoxia & Zhu, Yuezhao & Sarma, Jyotirmoy & Wang, Yinfeng & Wang, Jing & Ji, Lian, 2018. "Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of dairy manure: Chemical and structural properties of the products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 662-672.
    6. Shabib, Ahmad & Abdallah, Mohamed & Shanableh, Abdallah & Sartaj, Majid, 2022. "Effect of substrates and voltages on the performance of bio-electrochemical anaerobic digestion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 16-27.

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