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Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation

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  • M. Z. H. Makmud

    (UM High Voltage Laboratory (UMHVL), Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Complex of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia)

  • H. A. Illias

    (UM High Voltage Laboratory (UMHVL), Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

  • C. Y. Chee

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

  • M. S. Sarjadi

    (Complex of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia)

Abstract

Nowadays, studies of alternative liquid insulation in high voltage apparatus have become increasingly important due to higher concerns regarding safety, sustainable resources and environmentally friendly issues. To fulfil this demand, natural ester has been extensively studied and it can become a potential product to replace mineral oil in power transformers. In addition, the incorporation of nanoparticles has been remarkable in producing improved characteristics of insulating oil. Although much extensive research has been carried out, there is no general agreement on the influence on the dielectric response of base oil due to the addition of different amounts and conductivity types of nanoparticle concentrations. Therefore, in this work, a natural ester-based nanofluid was prepared by a two-step method using iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as the conductive and semi-conductive nanoparticles, respectively. The concentration amount of each nanoparticle types was varied at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g/L. The nanofluid samples were characterised by visual inspection, morphology and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method before the dielectric response measurement was carried out for frequency-dependent spectroscopy (FDS), current-voltage (I-V), and dielectric breakdown (BD) strength. The results show that the dielectric spectra and I-V curves of nanofluid-based iron oxide increases with the increase of iron oxide nanoparticle loading, while for titanium dioxide, it exhibits a decreasing response. The dielectric BD strength is enhanced for both types of nanoparticles at 0.01 g/L concentration. However, the increasing amount of nanoparticles at 0.1 and 1.0 g/L led to a contrary dielectric BD response. Thus, the results indicate that the augmentation of conductive nanoparticles in the suspension can lead to overlapping mechanisms. Consequently, this reduces the BD strength compared to pristine materials during electron injection in high electric fields.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Z. H. Makmud & H. A. Illias & C. Y. Chee & M. S. Sarjadi, 2018. "Influence of Conductive and Semi-Conductive Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Response of Natural Ester-Based Nanofluid Insulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:2:p:333-:d:129967
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jing Zhang & Feipeng Wang & Jian Li & Hehuan Ran & Dali Huang, 2017. "Influence of Copper Particles on Breakdown Voltage and Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Property of Vegetable Insulating Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Kapila Bandara & Chandima Ekanayake & Tapan Saha & Hui Ma, 2016. "Performance of Natural Ester as a Transformer Oil in Moisture-Rich Environments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Abderrahmane Beroual & Usama Khaled & Phanuel Seraphine Mbolo Noah & Henry Sitorus, 2017. "Comparative Study of Breakdown Voltage of Mineral, Synthetic and Natural Oils and Based Mineral Oil Mixtures under AC and DC Voltages," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
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    1. Usama Khaled & Abderrahmane Beroual, 2018. "The Effect of Electronic Scavenger Additives on the AC Dielectric Strength of Transformer Mineral Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Samson Okikiola Oparanti & Ungarala Mohan Rao & Issouf Fofana, 2022. "Natural Esters for Green Transformers: Challenges and Keys for Improved Serviceability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Sameh Ziad Ahmed Dabbak & Hazlee Azil Illias & Bee Chin Ang & Nurul Ain Abdul Latiff & Mohamad Zul Hilmey Makmud, 2018. "Electrical Properties of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Compounds for High-Voltage Insulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, June.
    4. Pawel Rozga & Abderrahmane Beroual & Piotr Przybylek & Maciej Jaroszewski & Konrad Strzelecki, 2020. "A Review on Synthetic Ester Liquids for Transformer Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-33, December.
    5. Siti Sarah Junian & Mohamad Zul Hilmey Makmud & Zuhair Jamain & Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin & Jedol Dayou & Hazlee Azil Illias, 2021. "Effect of Rice Husk Filler on the Structural and Dielectric Properties of Palm Oil as an Electrical Insulation Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-11, August.
    6. Usama Khaled & Abderrahmane Beroual, 2018. "AC Dielectric Strength of Mineral Oil-Based Fe 3 O 4 and Al 2 O 3 Nanofluids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.

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