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On the Evolution of the Integral Time Scale within Wind Farms

Author

Listed:
  • Huiwen Liu

    (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
    Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Imran Hayat

    (Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Yaqing Jin

    (Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Leonardo P. Chamorro

    (Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

Abstract

A wind-tunnel investigation was carried out to characterize the spatial distribution of the integral time scale ( T u ) within, and in the vicinity of, two model wind farms. The turbine arrays were placed over a rough wall and operated under high turbulence. The two layouts consisted of aligned units distinguished only by the streamwise spacing ( Δ x T ) between the devices, set at five and ten rotor diameters d T (or S x = Δ x T / d T = 5 and 10). They shared the same spanwise spacing between turbines of 2.5 d T ; this resulted in arrays of 8 × 3 and 5 × 3 horizontal-axis turbines. Hotwire anemometry was used to characterize the instantaneous velocity at various vertical and transverse locations along the central column of the wind farms. Results show that T u was modulated by the wind farm layout. It was significantly reduced within the wind farms and right above them, where the internal boundary layer develops. The undisturbed levels above the wind farms were recovered only at ≈ d T / 2 above the top tip. This quantity appeared to reach adjusted values starting the fifth row of turbines in the S x = 5 wind farm, and earlier in the S x = 10 counterpart. Within the adjusted zone, the distribution of T u at hub height exhibited a negligible growth in the S x = 5 case; whereas it underwent a mild growth in the S x = 10 wind farm. In addition, the flow impinging the inner turbines exhibited T u / T i n c u < 1 , where T i n c u is the integral time scale of the overall incoming flow. Specifically, T u → β T i n c u at z = z h u b , where β < 1 within standard layouts of wind farms, in particular β ≈ 0.5 and 0.7 for S x = 5 and 10.

Suggested Citation

  • Huiwen Liu & Imran Hayat & Yaqing Jin & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2018. "On the Evolution of the Integral Time Scale within Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:1:p:93-:d:125064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yaqing Jin & Huiwen Liu & Rajan Aggarwal & Arvind Singh & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2016. "Effects of Freestream Turbulence in a Model Wind Turbine Wake," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Wu, Yu-Ting & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2015. "Modeling turbine wakes and power losses within a wind farm using LES: An application to the Horns Rev offshore wind farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 945-955.
    3. Leonardo P. Chamorro & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2011. "Turbulent Flow Inside and Above a Wind Farm: A Wind-Tunnel Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(11), pages 1-21, November.
    4. Nicolas Tobin & Ali M. Hamed & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2015. "An Experimental Study on the Effects ofWinglets on the Wake and Performance of a ModelWind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-18, October.
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    4. Emmanuvel Joseph Aju & Dhanush Bhamitipadi Suresh & Yaqing Jin, 2020. "The Influence of Winglet Pitching on the Performance of a Model Wind Turbine: Aerodynamic Loads, Rotating Speed, and Wake Statistics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Xinkai Li & Ke Yang & Hao Hu & Xiaodong Wang & Shun Kang, 2019. "Effect of Tailing-Edge Thickness on Aerodynamic Noise for Wind Turbine Airfoil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-25, January.
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    8. Nicolas Tobin & Adam Lavely & Sven Schmitz & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2019. "Spatiotemporal Correlations in the Power Output of Wind Farms: On the Impact of Atmospheric Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-12, April.
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