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On the Wind Turbine Wake and Forest Terrain Interaction

Author

Listed:
  • Shyuan Cheng

    (Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Mahmoud Elgendi

    (Department of Mechanical Power Engineering and Energy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain City P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Fanghan Lu

    (Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Leonardo P. Chamorro

    (Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
    Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

Abstract

Future wind power developments may be located in complex topographic and harsh environments; forests are one type of complex terrain that offers untapped potential for wind energy. A detailed analysis of the unsteady interaction between wind turbines and the distinct boundary layers from those terrains is necessary to ensure optimized design, operation, and life span of wind turbines and wind farms. Here, laboratory experiments were carried to explore the interaction between the wake of a horizontal-axis model wind turbine and the boundary layer flow over forest-like canopies and the modulation of forest density in the turbulent exchange. The case of the turbine in a canonical boundary layer is included for selected comparison. The experiments were performed in a wind tunnel fully covered with tree models of height H / z h u b ≈ 0.36 , where z h u b is the turbine hub height, which were placed in a staggered pattern sharing streamwise and transverse spacing of Δ x / d c = 1.3 and 2.7, where d c is the mean crown diameter of the trees. Particle image velocimetry is used to characterize the incoming flow and three fields of view in the turbine wake within x / d T ∈ ( 2 , 7 ) and covering the vertical extent of the wake. The results show a significant modulation of the forest-like canopies on the wake statistics relative to a case without forest canopies. Forest density did not induce dominant effects on the bulk features of the wake; however, a faster flow recovery, particularly in the intermediate wake, occurred with the case with less dense forest. Decomposition of the kinematic shear stress using a hyperbolic hole in the quadrant analysis reveals a substantial effect sufficiently away from the canopy top with sweep-dominated events that differentiate from ejection-dominated observed in canonical boundary layers. The comparatively high background turbulence induced by the forest reduced the modulation of the rotor in the wake; the quadrant fraction distribution in the intermediate wake exhibited similar features of the associated incoming flow.

Suggested Citation

  • Shyuan Cheng & Mahmoud Elgendi & Fanghan Lu & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2021. "On the Wind Turbine Wake and Forest Terrain Interaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:21:p:7204-:d:670428
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nicolas Tobin & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2017. "Windbreak Effects Within Infinite Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Nicolas Tobin & Ali M. Hamed & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2015. "An Experimental Study on the Effects ofWinglets on the Wake and Performance of a ModelWind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-18, October.
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    6. Shyuan Cheng & Yaqing Jin & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2020. "Wind Turbines with Truncated Blades May Be a Possibility for Dense Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-13, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Eslam S. Abdelghany & Hesham H. Sarhan & Raed Alahmadi & Mohamed B. Farghaly, 2023. "Study the Effect of Winglet Height Length on the Aerodynamic Performance of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Using Computational Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Wei Zhang & Sifan Yang & Cheng Chen & Lang Li, 2023. "Analysis of the Effects of Fluctuating Wind on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine with Variable Pitch," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-21, October.
    3. Yunliang Li & Zhaobin Li & Zhideng Zhou & Xiaolei Yang, 2023. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Wind Turbine Wakes in Forest Terrain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-23, March.
    4. Taiwo Adedipe & Ashvinkumar Chaudhari & Antti Hellsten & Tuomo Kauranne & Heikki Haario, 2022. "Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Forest Heterogeneity on Wind-Turbine Wake," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-27, March.
    5. Yuan Yao & Guozhong Wang & Jinhui Fan, 2023. "WT-YOLOX: An Efficient Detection Algorithm for Wind Turbine Blade Damage Based on YOLOX," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-15, April.
    6. Jagdeep Singh & Jahrul M Alam, 2023. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Utility-Scale Wind Farm Sited over Complex Terrain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-26, August.
    7. A. G. Olabi & Khaled Obaideen & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem & Maryam Nooman AlMallahi & Nabila Shehata & Abdul Hai Alami & Ayman Mdallal & Asma Ali Murah Hassan & Enas Taha Sayed, 2023. "Wind Energy Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study on London Array," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, March.

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