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Protection Schemes of Meshed Distribution Networks for Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles

Author

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  • Stavros Lazarou

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece)

  • Vasiliki Vita

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece)

  • Lambros Ekonomou

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Heraklion Attikis, 141 21 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

This paper reviews protection schemes for meshed distribution networks. It gives emphasis to the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, their charging patterns, and to the increasing value of distributed generators, especially from renewables. It includes a preliminary analysis on system planning with electric vehicles that is studied probabilistically and a more detailed analysis of the expected changes introduced by these new loads. Finally, a real time hardware-in-the-loop review analysis for protection systems and the open source networks available for protection studies from several sources are also provided. This work could be useful as a collective review of the recent bibliography on protection for meshed networks, giving emphasis to electric vehicles and their real time simulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Stavros Lazarou & Vasiliki Vita & Lambros Ekonomou, 2018. "Protection Schemes of Meshed Distribution Networks for Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:3106-:d:181912
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. José M. Maza-Ortega & Juan M. Mauricio & Manuel Barragán-Villarejo & Charis Demoulias & Antonio Gómez-Expósito, 2019. "Ancillary Services in Hybrid AC/DC Low Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-22, September.
    2. Bowen Zhou & Xiao Yang & Dongsheng Yang & Zhile Yang & Tim Littler & Hua Li, 2019. "Probabilistic Load Flow Algorithm of Distribution Networks with Distributed Generators and Electric Vehicles Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Georgios Fotis & Christos Dikeakos & Elias Zafeiropoulos & Stylianos Pappas & Vasiliki Vita, 2022. "Scalability and Replicability for Smart Grid Innovation Projects and the Improvement of Renewable Energy Sources Exploitation: The FLEXITRANSTORE Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-32, June.
    4. Abdulrahman Almazroui & Salman Mohagheghi, 2022. "Coordinated Control of Electric Vehicles and PV Resources in an Unbalanced Power Distribution System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Arthur K. Barnes & Jose E. Tabarez & Adam Mate & Russell W. Bent, 2021. "Optimization-Based Formulations for Short-Circuit Studies with Inverter-Interfaced Generation in PowerModelsProtection.jl," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-27, April.
    6. Hun-Chul Seo, 2019. "Novel Protection Scheme considering Tie Switch Operation in an Open-Loop Distribution System using Wavelet Transform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, May.

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