IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jagris/v11y2021i11p1075-d669256.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determinants of Farmers’ Confidence in Agricultural Production Recovery during the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

Author

Listed:
  • Yanqi Xie

    (College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
    These authors contributed equally to work.)

  • Apurbo Sarkar

    (College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
    Sixth Industry Research Institute, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
    These authors contributed equally to work.)

  • Md. Shakhawat Hossain

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China)

  • Ahmed Khairul Hasan

    (Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh)

  • Xianli Xia

    (College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the agricultural supply chain, export of agricultural products, and overall food security. However, minimal exploration has been attempted of farmers’ confidence in agricultural production recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study intends to explore the determinants of farmers’ confidence in agricultural production recovery in China during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, we analyzed the relationship between risk expectation and social support on the farmers’ confidence in agricultural production recovery by using the ordered probit model. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from February to March 2020 from 458 farm households in the 7 provinces of China to produce the findings. We found that the risk expectation of farmers had a significant negative impact on farmers’ confidence in agricultural production recovery. Social support seemingly had a significant positive impact on the farmers’ confidence in agricultural production recovery, and could play a supportive role in moderating the relationship between risk expectation and farmers’ confidence in recovery. However, social support alleviates the adverse effect of risk expectation on farmers’ confidence in agricultural production recovery to a certain extent. In addition, there were intergenerational differences in the effects of risk expectation and social support on farmers’ confidence in agricultural production recovery. These results imply that policies establishing the risk early warning mechanisms for agricultural production and strengthening the social support from governments and financial institutions are likely to significantly impact agricultural development in the post-COVID-19 era. The formal and informal risk minimization mechanisms should extend their support to vulnerable sectors such as agribusiness.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanqi Xie & Apurbo Sarkar & Md. Shakhawat Hossain & Ahmed Khairul Hasan & Xianli Xia, 2021. "Determinants of Farmers’ Confidence in Agricultural Production Recovery during the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:11:p:1075-:d:669256
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1075/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1075/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Toritseju Begho, 2021. "Using Farmers’ Risk Tolerance to Explain Variations in Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties in Nepal," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 16(2), pages 171-193, August.
    2. Cariappa, AG Adeeth & Acharya, Kamlesh Kumar & Adhav, Chaitanya Ashok & Sendhil, R. & Ramasundaram, P., 2022. "COVID-19 induced lockdown effects on agricultural commodity prices and consumer behaviour in India – Implications for food loss and waste management," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).
    3. Balwinder-Singh, & Shirsath, Paresh B. & Jat, M.L. & McDonald, A.J. & Srivastava, Amit K. & Craufurd, Peter & Rana, D.S. & Singh, A.K. & Chaudhari, S.K. & Sharma, P.C. & Singh, Rajbir & Jat, H.S. & Si, 2020. "Agricultural labor, COVID-19, and potential implications for food security and air quality in the breadbasket of India," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    4. Alan P. Ker, 2020. "Risk management in Canada's agricultural sector in light of COVID‐19," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 68(2), pages 251-258, June.
    5. Fafchamps, Marcel & Gubert, Flore, 2007. "The formation of risk sharing networks," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(2), pages 326-350, July.
    6. Zhitao Xu & Adel Elomri & Abdelfatteh El Omri & Laoucine Kerbache & Hui Liu, 2021. "The Compounded Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Desert Locust Outbreak on Food Security and Food Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Ying Xu & Christopher Findlay, 2019. "Farmers’ constraints, governmental support and climate change adaptation: evidence from Guangdong Province, China," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 63(4), pages 866-880, October.
    8. Mueller, Christoph Emanuel, 2020. "Examining the inter-relationships between procedural fairness, trust in actors, risk expectations, perceived benefits, and attitudes towards power grid expansion projects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    9. Umar, Zaghum & Gubareva, Mariya & Teplova, Tamara, 2021. "The impact of Covid-19 on commodity markets volatility: Analyzing time-frequency relations between commodity prices and coronavirus panic levels," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    10. Xiao, Wei & Zhao, Guochang, 2020. "Who is affected: Influence of agricultural land on occupational choices of peasants in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    11. Botzen, W.J.W. & van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., 2012. "Risk attitudes to low-probability climate change risks: WTP for flood insurance," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 151-166.
    12. Blazy, J.M. & Causeret, F. & Guyader, S., 2021. "Immediate impacts of COVID-19 crisis on agricultural and food systems in the Caribbean," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    13. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4392 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Kusiak, Andrew & Zhang, Zijun & Verma, Anoop, 2013. "Prediction, operations, and condition monitoring in wind energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1-12.
    15. Carolan, Michael, 2018. "Lands changing hands: Experiences of succession and farm (knowledge) acquisition among first-generation, multigenerational, and aspiring farmers," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 179-189.
    16. repec:dau:papers:123456789/10840 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Penny Farrell & Anne Marie Thow & Jillian Tutuo Wate & Nichol Nonga & Penina Vatucawaqa & Tom Brewer & Michael K. Sharp & Anna Farmery & Helen Trevena & Erica Reeve & Hampus Eriksson & Itziar Gonzalez, 2020. "COVID-19 and Pacific food system resilience: opportunities to build a robust response," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(4), pages 783-791, August.
    18. Kanika Mahajan & Shekhar Tomar, 2021. "COVID‐19 and Supply Chain Disruption: Evidence from Food Markets in India†," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(1), pages 35-52, January.
    19. David Roodman, 2011. "Fitting fully observed recursive mixed-process models with cmp," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 11(2), pages 159-206, June.
    20. Arouri, Mohamed & Nguyen, Cuong & Youssef, Adel Ben, 2015. "Natural Disasters, Household Welfare, and Resilience: Evidence from Rural Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 59-77.
    21. Máximo Torero, 2020. "Without food, there can be no exit from the pandemic," Nature, Nature, vol. 580(7805), pages 588-589, April.
    22. Gruère, Guillaume & Brooks, Jonathan, 2021. "Viewpoint: Characterising early agricultural and food policy responses to the outbreak of COVID-19," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    23. Liqiu Zhao & Shouying Liu & Wei Zhang, 2018. "New Trends in Internal Migration in China: Profiles of the New†generation Migrants," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 26(1), pages 18-41, January.
    24. Hongyu Wang & Xiaolei Wang & Apurbo Sarkar & Lu Qian, 2021. "Evaluating the Impacts of Smallholder Farmer’s Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain Tactics for Facilitating Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study of Kiwifruit Industry in Shaanxi, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-19, May.
    25. Ye, Baojuan & Wu, Dehua & Im, Hohjin & Liu, Mingfan & Wang, Xinqiang & Yang, Qiang, 2020. "Stressors of COVID-19 and stress consequences: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of psychological support," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    26. Wang, Weisha & Shukla, Paurav & Shi, Guicheng, 2021. "Digitalized social support in the healthcare environment: Effects of the types and sources of social support on psychological well-being," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    27. Sarkar, Apurbo & Azim, Jony Abdul & Asif, Abdullah Al & Qian, Lu & Peau, Anamika Kor, 2021. "Structural equation modeling for indicators of sustainable agriculture: Prospective of a developing country’s agriculture," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    28. Marcel Fafchamps & Flore Gubert, 2007. "Risk Sharing and Network Formation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 97(2), pages 75-79, May.
    29. Hong, Weijie & Luo, Biliang & Hu, Xinyan, 2020. "Land titling, land reallocation experience, and investment incentives: Evidence from rural China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    30. Ahmad Saleh Safi & William James Smith & Zhnongwei Liu, 2012. "Rural Nevada and Climate Change: Vulnerability, Beliefs, and Risk Perception," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(6), pages 1041-1059, June.
    31. Barrett , Christopher B & Carter , Michael R & Ikegami , Munenobu, 2008. "Poverty traps and social protection," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 42752, The World Bank.
    32. Balsevich, Fernando & Berdegue, Julio A. & Reardon, Thomas, 2006. "Supermarkets, New-Generation Wholesalers, Tomato Farmers, and NGOs in Nicaragua," Staff Paper Series 11479, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
    33. Tavares, Fernando Flores & Betti, Gianni, 2021. "The pandemic of poverty, vulnerability, and COVID-19: Evidence from a fuzzy multidimensional analysis of deprivations in Brazil," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    34. Hellin, Jon & Lundy, Mark & Meijer, Madelon, 2009. "Farmer organization, collective action and market access in Meso-America," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 16-22, February.
    35. Thapa Magar, Dinesh Babu & Pun, Sirish & Pandit, Ram & Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay, 2021. "Pathways for building resilience to COVID-19 pandemic and revitalizing the Nepalese agriculture sector," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    36. Bai, Haifeng & Ba, Shusong & Huang, Wenli & Hu, Wentao, 2020. "Expected government support and bank risk-taking: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    37. Ligang Song & Yixiao Zhou, 2020. "The COVID‐19 Pandemic and Its Impact on the Global Economy: What Does It Take to Turn Crisis into Opportunity?," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 28(4), pages 1-25, July.
    38. Boughton, Duncan & Goeb, Joseph & Lambrecht, Isabel & Headey, Derek & Takeshima, Hiroyuki & Mahrt, Kristi & Masias, Ian & Goudet, Sophie & Ragasa, Catherine & Maredia, Mywish K. & Minten, Bart & Diao,, 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural production and food systems in late transforming Southeast Asia: The case of Myanmar," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Giuseppe Timpanaro, 2023. "Agricultural Food Marketing, Economics and Policies," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Muhammad Khayyam & Fatima Daud Kamal & Muhammad Nouman & Arjumand Nizami & Jawad Ali & Muhammad Asad Salim, 2023. "Agricultural Markets, Cropping Patterns, and Consumption Patterns: The Moderating Effect of COVID-19 on Mountainous Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Zheng Wang & Mingwei Yang & Kailu Guo & Zhiyong Zhang & Ying Shi, 2023. "Evolution in the Impact of Pro-Poor Policies on Farmers’ Confidence: Based on Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stephens, Emma & Timsina, Jagadish & Martin, Guillaume & van Wijk, Mark & Klerkx, Laurens & Reidsma, Pytrik & Snow, Val, 2022. "The immediate impact of the first waves of the global COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural systems worldwide: Reflections on the COVID-19 special issue for agricultural systems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    2. Brenda Cardoso & Luiza Cunha & Adriana Leiras & Paulo Gonçalves & Hugo Yoshizaki & Irineu de Brito Junior & Frederico Pedroso, 2021. "Causal Impacts of Epidemics and Pandemics on Food Supply Chains: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-28, August.
    3. Ting Ye & Wenjian He & Zhiyong Liu, 2022. "Exploring the Influence of Land Titling on Farmland Transfer-Out Based on Land Parcel Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Asadul Islam & C. Matthew Leister & Minhaj Mahmud & Paul A. Raschky, 2020. "Natural disaster and risk-sharing behavior: Evidence from rural Bangladesh," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 67-99, August.
    5. Tomas Baležentis & Mangirdas Morkūnas & Agnė Žičkienė & Artiom Volkov & Erika Ribašauskienė & Dalia Štreimikienė, 2021. "Policies for Rapid Mitigation of the Crisis’ Effects on Agricultural Supply Chains: A Multi-Criteria Decision Support System with Monte Carlo Simulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-31, October.
    6. Husain, Zakir & Ghosh, Saswata & Dutta, Mousumi, 2022. "Changes in dietary practices of mother and child during the COVID-19 lockdown: Results from a household survey in Bihar, India," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    7. Rute M. Caeiro & Pedro C. Vicente, 2020. "Knowledge of vitamin A deficiency and crop adoption: Evidence from a field experiment in Mozambique," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 51(2), pages 175-190, March.
    8. Sylvain Dessy & Luca Tiberti & Marco Tiberti & David Zoundi, 2024. "Coping with Drought in Village Economies: The Role of Polygyny," Working Papers - Economics wp2024_13.rdf, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa.
    9. Konstantinos Matakos & Dimitrios Minos & Ari Perdana & Elizabeth Radin, 2022. "“Dragon boating” alone? Community ties and systemic income shocks," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(1), pages 55-81, January.
    10. Cui Zhang & Dandan Zhang, 2023. "Spatial Interactions and the Spread of COVID-19: A Network Perspective," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(1), pages 383-405, June.
    11. Fe, Hao, 2023. "Social networks and consumer behavior: Evidence from Yelp," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 1-14.
    12. Sriroop Chaudhuri & Mimi Roy & Louis M. McDonald & Yves Emendack, 2021. "Reflections on farmers’ social networks: a means for sustainable agricultural development?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 2973-3008, March.
    13. Hausmann, Ricardo & Schetter, Ulrich, 2022. "Horrible trade-offs in a pandemic: Poverty, fiscal space, policy, and welfare," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    14. Scognamillo, Antonio & Song, Chun & Ignaciuk, Adriana, 2023. "No man is an Island: A spatially explicit approach to measure development resilience," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    15. Rama Lionel Ngenzebuke & Bram De Rock & Philip Verwimp, 2018. "The power of the family: kinship and intra-household decision making in rural Burundi," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 323-346, June.
    16. Chakraborty, Tanika & Pandey, Manish, 2021. "Temporary International Migration, Shocks and Informal Insurance: Analysis using panel data," GLO Discussion Paper Series 759, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    17. Bryan S. Graham, 2017. "An econometric model of network formation with degree heterogeneity," CeMMAP working papers 08/17, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    18. Renaud Bourlès & Yann Bramoullé & Eduardo Perez-Richet, 2021. "Altruism and Risk Sharing in Networks," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 19(3), pages 1488-1521.
    19. Carayol, Nicolas & Bergé, Laurent & Cassi, Lorenzo & Roux, Pascale, 2019. "Unintended triadic closure in social networks: The strategic formation of research collaborations between French inventors," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 218-238.
    20. Hou, Benyufang & Liu, Hong & Wang, Sophie Xuefei, 2020. "Returns to military service in off-farm wage employment: Evidence from rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:11:p:1075-:d:669256. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.