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A Study of Climate-Smart Farming Practices and Climate-resiliency Field Schools in Mindanao, the Philippines

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  • Chandra, Alvin
  • Dargusch, Paul
  • McNamara, Karen E.
  • Caspe, Ana Maria
  • Dalabajan, Dante

Abstract

This paper explores how Climate-resiliency Field Schools involving smallholder farmers in the Mindanao region of the Philippines advance climate-smart farming practices. Using data from field observations, 86 interviews, and 13 focus group discussions from five municipalities, the research finds that cross-scale activities, including local plans and multi-stakeholder forums, and municipal budgeting processes, influence adaptation and mitigation to climate change in smallholder farming systems. Furthermore, using matrix analysis and stakeholder responses, we identify interactions, synergies, conflicts, and potential co-benefits between mitigation and adaptation, and food production practices. The analysis of climate-resiliency field school practices shows that the addition of livelihood outcomes to smallholder farming landscapes strengthen adaptation, mitigation, and food production outcomes (and vice versa). Climate-resiliency Field Schools have promoted the practice of organic farming, various systems for rice intensification, and the establishment of community seed banks. Other practices, such as soil conservation, reforestation, and agroforestry, have been used in Mindanao to maintain carbon stocks while increasing crop production. Climate-resiliency Field Schools serve as a multilevel institutional platform where farmers can access climate information, which they can use to improve farm planning (i.e., choices of crops, timing of farm preparation, and harvest). The research findings suggest that climate-smart interventions are highly location-specific, technically rigorous, involve knowledge-intensive processes, and are influenced by the knowledge and capacities of local farming communities and implementing partners. We conclude with some suggestions for the design of programs, and the types of interventions that are required to sustain and ultimately scale up efforts to enhance climate-smart agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Chandra, Alvin & Dargusch, Paul & McNamara, Karen E. & Caspe, Ana Maria & Dalabajan, Dante, 2017. "A Study of Climate-Smart Farming Practices and Climate-resiliency Field Schools in Mindanao, the Philippines," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 214-230.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:98:y:2017:i:c:p:214-230
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.028
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    Cited by:

    1. Tiziana Pagnani & Elisabetta Gotor & Francesco Caracciolo, 2021. "Adaptive strategies enhance smallholders’ livelihood resilience in Bihar, India," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(2), pages 419-437, April.
    2. Payam Memarbashi & Gholamreza Mojarradi & Marzieh Keshavarz, 2022. "Climate-Smart Agriculture in Iran: Strategies, Constraints and Drivers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Kangogo, Daniel & Dentoni, Domenico & Bijman, Jos, 2021. "Adoption of climate‐smart agriculture among smallholder farmers: Does farmer entrepreneurship matter?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    4. Frank Yeboah Adusei, 2021. "Climate-Smart Agriculture From The Intensive Vegetable Farmers Perspectival," Big Data In Agriculture (BDA), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 3(2), pages 100-107, July.
    5. Qian Forrest Zhang, 2024. "From Sustainable Agriculture to Sustainable Agrifood Systems: A Comparative Review of Alternative Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-24, November.
    6. Chrysanthi Charatsari & Evagelos D. Lioutas & Alex Koutsouris, 2020. "Farmer field schools and the co-creation of knowledge and innovation: the mediating role of social capital," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 37(4), pages 1139-1154, December.
    7. Ginbert P. Cuaton & Laurence L. Delina, 2022. "Two decades of rice research in Indonesia and the Philippines: A systematic review and research agenda for the social sciences," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-21, December.

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