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Crane double cycling in container ports: Planning methods and evaluation

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  • Goodchild, A.V.
  • Daganzo, C.F.

Abstract

In this paper we look at the longer term impact of double cycling on port operations including crane, vessel, and berth productivity. Double cycling is a technique by which empty crane moves are converted into productive ones. We use a double cycling sequence that is operationally convenient, easy to model, and nearly optimum. We evaluate the performance of this sequence over single cycling. A framework is developed for analysis, and a simple formula is developed to predict the impact on turn-around time. The formula is an accurate predictor of performance. We show that double cycling can, in some cases, reduce the requirements for yard tractors and drivers. The paper also comments on strategies for altering port operations to support double cycling such as segmenting vessel storage, and streamlining traffic flows. We show that double cycling can reduce operating time by 10%, improving vessel, crane and berth productivity. We identify additional benefits on the landside, but these are typically much less significant.

Suggested Citation

  • Goodchild, A.V. & Daganzo, C.F., 2007. "Crane double cycling in container ports: Planning methods and evaluation," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 41(8), pages 875-891, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:41:y:2007:i:8:p:875-891
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anne V. Goodchild & Carlos F. Daganzo, 2006. "Double-Cycling Strategies for Container Ships and Their Effect on Ship Loading and Unloading Operations," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 40(4), pages 473-483, November.
    2. Goodchild, Anne Victoria, 2005. "Crane Double Cycling in Container Ports: Algorithms, Evaluation, and Planning," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt0nt8t1db, University of California Transportation Center.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bierwirth, Christian & Meisel, Frank, 2010. "A survey of berth allocation and quay crane scheduling problems in container terminals," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 202(3), pages 615-627, May.
    2. Wang, Shuaian & Meng, Qiang, 2012. "Liner ship route schedule design with sea contingency time and port time uncertainty," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 615-633.
    3. Carlo, Héctor J. & Vis, Iris F.A. & Roodbergen, Kees Jan, 2014. "Transport operations in container terminals: Literature overview, trends, research directions and classification scheme," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 236(1), pages 1-13.
    4. Chung-Yee Lee & Ming Liu & Chengbin Chu, 2015. "Optimal Algorithm for the General Quay Crane Double-Cycling Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(4), pages 957-967, November.
    5. Iris, Çağatay & Christensen, Jonas & Pacino, Dario & Ropke, Stefan, 2018. "Flexible ship loading problem with transfer vehicle assignment and scheduling," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 113-134.
    6. Fotuhi, Fateme & Huynh, Nathan & Vidal, Jose M. & Xie, Yuanchang, 2013. "Modeling yard crane operators as reinforcement learning agents," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 3-12.
    7. Liu, Ming & Chu, Feng & Zhang, Zizhen & Chu, Chengbin, 2015. "A polynomial-time heuristic for the quay crane double-cycling problem with internal-reshuffling operations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 52-74.
    8. Cheng Hong & Yufang Guo & Yuhong Wang & Tingting Li, 2023. "The Integrated Scheduling Optimization for Container Handling by Using Driverless Electric Truck in Automated Container Terminal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-22, March.
    9. Kress, Dominik & Meiswinkel, Sebastian & Pesch, Erwin, 2019. "Straddle carrier routing at seaport container terminals in the presence of short term quay crane buffer areas," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 279(3), pages 732-750.
    10. Yanling Chu & Xiaoju Zhang & Zhongzhen Yang, 2017. "Multiple quay cranes scheduling for double cycling in container terminals," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, July.
    11. Xiaoju Zhang & Huijuan Li & Meng Wu, 2022. "Optimization of Resource Allocation in Automated Container Terminals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-16, December.
    12. Böse, Jürgen W. & Jahn, Carlos & Sarin, Raman, 2014. "Vision of a Service Value Network in Maritime Container Logistics," Chapters from the Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), in: Kersten, Wolfgang & Blecker, Thorsten & Ringle, Christian M. (ed.), Next Generation Supply Chains: Trends and Opportunities. Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), Vol. 18, volume 18, pages 87-110, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Business Logistics and General Management.
    13. Kang, Seungmo & Medina, Juan C. & Ouyang, Yanfeng, 2008. "Optimal operations of transportation fleet for unloading activities at container ports," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 42(10), pages 970-984, December.
    14. Wang, Shuaian & Meng, Qiang, 2013. "Reversing port rotation directions in a container liner shipping network," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 61-73.
    15. Zhang, Xiaoju & Li, Huijuan & Sheu, Jiuh-Biing, 2024. "Integrated scheduling optimization of AGV and double yard cranes in automated container terminals," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    16. Zeng, Qingcheng & Yang, Zhongzhen & Lai, Luyuan, 2009. "Models and algorithms for multi-crane oriented scheduling method in container terminals," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 271-278, September.
    17. Zhang, Xiaoju & Zeng, Qingcheng & Sheu, Jiuh-Biing, 2019. "Modeling the productivity and stability of a terminal operation system with quay crane double cycling," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 181-197.
    18. Amir Hossein Gharehgozli & Gilbert Laporte & Yugang Yu & René de Koster, 2015. "Scheduling Twin Yard Cranes in a Container Block," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(3), pages 686-705, August.
    19. Zhang, Xiaoju & Zeng, Qingcheng & Yang, Zhongzhen, 2016. "Modeling the mixed storage strategy for quay crane double cycling in container terminals," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 171-187.
    20. Wang, Shuaian & Meng, Qiang & Liu, Zhiyuan, 2013. "Containership scheduling with transit-time-sensitive container shipment demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 68-83.
    21. Bektaş, Tolga & Ehmke, Jan Fabian & Psaraftis, Harilaos N. & Puchinger, Jakob, 2019. "The role of operational research in green freight transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(3), pages 807-823.
    22. Coen H. H. Battum & Bart Wiegmans & Bilge Atasoy & Erwin Wingerden & Arjen Waal & Lóránt A. Tavasszy, 2023. "Performance improvements in container terminals through the bottleneck mitigation cycle," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 25(1), pages 174-195, March.
    23. Zhang, An & Zhang, Wenshuai & Chen, Yong & Chen, Guangting & Chen, Xufeng, 2017. "Approximate the scheduling of quay cranes with non-crossing constraints," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 258(3), pages 820-828.

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