IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/inm/ortrsc/v40y2006i4p473-483.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Double-Cycling Strategies for Container Ships and Their Effect on Ship Loading and Unloading Operations

Author

Listed:
  • Anne V. Goodchild

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121E More Hall, Box 352700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2700)

  • Carlos F. Daganzo

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 416A McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720)

Abstract

Loading ships as they are unloaded (double cycling) can improve the efficiency of a quay crane and container port. This paper describes the double-cycling problem, and presents solution algorithms and simple formulae to determine reductions in the number of operations and operating time using the technique. We focus on reducing the number of operations necessary to turn around a row of a ship. The problem is first formulated as a scheduling problem, which can be solved optimally. A simple lower bound for all strategies is then developed. We also present a greedy algorithm that yields a simple and tight upper bound. The gap between the upper and lower bounds is so small that the formula for either bound is an accurate predictor of crane performance. The analysis is then extended to double cycling when ships have deck hatches. Results are presented for many simulated vessels, and compared to empirical data from a real-world trial. The research demonstrates that double cycling can create significant efficiency gains in crane productivity, typically reducing the number of cycles by about 20% and the operational time by about 10% when double cycling only below deck.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne V. Goodchild & Carlos F. Daganzo, 2006. "Double-Cycling Strategies for Container Ships and Their Effect on Ship Loading and Unloading Operations," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 40(4), pages 473-483, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ortrsc:v:40:y:2006:i:4:p:473-483
    DOI: 10.1287/trsc.1060.0148
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1060.0148
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1287/trsc.1060.0148?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. I F A Vis & R de Koster & K J Roodbergen & L W P Peeters, 2001. "Determination of the number of automated guided vehicles required at a semi-automated container terminal," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 52(4), pages 409-417, April.
    2. Carlos F. Daganzo, 1990. "The Productivity of Multipurpose Seaport Terminals," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(3), pages 205-216, August.
    3. De Castilho, Bernardo & Daganzo, Carlos F., 1993. "Handling Strategies for Import Containers at Marine Terminals," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt5gr4622f, University of California Transportation Center.
    4. Goodchild, Anne V. & Daganzo, Carlos F., 2005. "Crane Double Cycling in Container Ports: Affect on Ship Dwell Time," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt9qp7p7jq, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    5. Goodchild, Anne Victoria, 2005. "Crane Double Cycling in Container Ports: Algorithms, Evaluation, and Planning," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt0nt8t1db, University of California Transportation Center.
    6. Peterkofsky, Roy I. & Daganzo, Carlos F., 1990. "A branch and bound solution method for the crane scheduling problem," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 159-172, June.
    7. Taleb-Ibrahimi, Mounira & de Castilho, Bernardo & Daganzo, Carlos F., 1993. "Storage space vs handling work in container terminals," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 13-32, February.
    8. Imai, Akio & Nishimura, Etsuko & Papadimitriou, Stratos, 2001. "The dynamic berth allocation problem for a container port," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 401-417, May.
    9. de Castillo, Bernardo & Daganzo, Carlos F., 1993. "Handling strategies for import containers at marine terminals," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 151-166, April.
    10. Kim, Kap Hwan & Kim, Hong Bae, 2002. "The optimal sizing of the storage space and handling facilities for import containers," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 821-835, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Briskorn, Dirk & Drexl, Andreas & Hartmann, Sönke, 2005. "Inventory based dispatching of automated guided vehicles on container terminals," Manuskripte aus den Instituten für Betriebswirtschaftslehre der Universität Kiel 596, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre.
    2. Goodchild, Anne V. & Daganzo, Carlos F., 2005. "Crane Double Cycling in Container Ports: Affect on Ship Dwell Time," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt9qp7p7jq, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    3. Vis, Iris F. A. & de Koster, Rene, 2003. "Transshipment of containers at a container terminal: An overview," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 147(1), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Jean-François Cordeau & Gilbert Laporte & Pasquale Legato & Luigi Moccia, 2005. "Models and Tabu Search Heuristics for the Berth-Allocation Problem," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(4), pages 526-538, November.
    5. Zhang, Chuqian & Wan, Yat-wah & Liu, Jiyin & Linn, Richard J., 2002. "Dynamic crane deployment in container storage yards," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 537-555, July.
    6. Hartmann, Sönke, 2002. "Generating scenarios for simulation and optimization of container terminal logistics," Manuskripte aus den Instituten für Betriebswirtschaftslehre der Universität Kiel 564, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre.
    7. Zhang, Chuqian & Liu, Jiyin & Wan, Yat-wah & Murty, Katta G. & Linn, Richard J., 2003. "Storage space allocation in container terminals," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 883-903, December.
    8. Kim, Kap Hwan & Kim, Ki Young, 2007. "Optimal price schedules for storage of inbound containers," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 41(8), pages 892-905, October.
    9. Ebru K. Bish & Thin‐Yin Leong & Chung‐Lun Li & Jonathan W. C. Ng & David Simchi‐Levi, 2001. "Analysis of a new vehicle scheduling and location problem," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(5), pages 363-385, August.
    10. Niraj Ramesh Dayama & Andreas Ernst & Mohan Krishnamoorthy & Vishnu Narayanan & Narayan Rangaraj, 2017. "New models and algorithms for the container stack rearrangement problem by yard cranes in maritime ports," EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics, Springer;EURO - The Association of European Operational Research Societies, vol. 6(4), pages 307-348, December.
    11. Kim, Kap Hwan & Park, Kang Tae, 2003. "A note on a dynamic space-allocation method for outbound containers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 148(1), pages 92-101, July.
    12. Gharehgozli, A.H. & Roy, D. & de Koster, M.B.M., 2014. "Sea Container Terminals," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2014-009-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    13. Imai, Akio & Sasaki, Kazuya & Nishimura, Etsuko & Papadimitriou, Stratos, 2006. "Multi-objective simultaneous stowage and load planning for a container ship with container rehandle in yard stacks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 171(2), pages 373-389, June.
    14. Voß, Andre & Guckenbiehl, Gabriel & Schütt, Holger & Buer, Tobias, 2016. "A storage strategy with dynamic bay reservations for container terminals," Bremen Computational Logistics Group Working Papers 4, University of Bremen, Computational Logistics Junior Research Group.
    15. Nils Boysen & Malte Fliedner & Florian Jaehn & Erwin Pesch, 2013. "A Survey on Container Processing in Railway Yards," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 47(3), pages 312-329, August.
    16. Cordeau, Jean-Francois & Gaudioso, Manlio & Laporte, Gilbert & Moccia, Luigi, 2007. "The service allocation problem at the Gioia Tauro Maritime Terminal," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 176(2), pages 1167-1184, January.
    17. Legato, Pasquale & Mazza, Rina M., 2001. "Berth planning and resources optimisation at a container terminal via discrete event simulation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(3), pages 537-547, September.
    18. Lee, Byung Kwon & Kim, Kap Hwan, 2010. "Comparison and evaluation of various cycle-time models for yard cranes in container terminals," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(2), pages 350-360, August.
    19. Kim, Kap Hwan & Park, Young Man & Ryu, Kwang-Ryul, 2000. "Deriving decision rules to locate export containers in container yards," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 124(1), pages 89-101, July.
    20. Branislav Dragović & Nam Kyu Park & Zoran Radmilović, 2006. "Ship-berth link performance evaluation: simulation and analytical approaches," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(3), pages 281-299, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:inm:ortrsc:v:40:y:2006:i:4:p:473-483. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Asher (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/inforea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.