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MaaS surveillance: Privacy considerations in mobility as a service

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  • Cottrill, Caitlin D.

Abstract

The concept of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is seeing increasing attention from researchers, industry, and the public sector. MaaS, which posits that traditional models of car ownership and travel may be supplanted by models focused on packages of shared vehicle access, use of public transport, active transport, and teleworking, is currently viewed as having potential beneficial impacts including reductions in single-occupancy vehicle trips, with concomitant reductions in travel cost, congestion, and environmental concerns. MaaS, however, relies upon a number of social expectations, including trust, reliability, and transparency, each of which is reliant upon both the social network that enables MaaS to work efficiently, and upon the ways in which data are handled within the enabling framework. In light of this, it is anticipated that the recently-enacted General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has the potential to significantly impact upon the further implementation of MaaS. MaaS services are predicated upon the sharing of personal travel information (vehicle availability, origins, destinations, financial information, social network data, etc.) that, under GDPR, may be considered personal, subject to the regulations and restrictions this categorisation implies. For MaaS to work in a European context, then, it must be responsive to GDPR requirements related to issues such as Privacy by Design, Consent, and Protection. In this paper, we explore the concept of MaaS in relation to privacy considerations raised by GDPR requirements, with attention to methods and techniques related to relevant data acquisition, sharing, and protection processes. A case study of the Whim application’s privacy policy is presented to demonstrate the potential implications of this policy in an applied context.

Suggested Citation

  • Cottrill, Caitlin D., 2020. "MaaS surveillance: Privacy considerations in mobility as a service," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 50-57.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:131:y:2020:i:c:p:50-57
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2019.09.026
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caitlin D. Cottrill & Sybil Derrible, 2015. "Leveraging Big Data for the Development of Transport Sustainability Indicators," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 45-64, January.
    2. Rajagopal, 2014. "The Human Factors," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Architecting Enterprise, chapter 9, pages 225-249, Palgrave Macmillan.
    3. Peraphan Jittrapirom & Valeria Caiati & Anna-Maria Feneri & Shima Ebrahimigharehbaghi & María J. Alonso González & Jishnu Narayan, 2017. "Mobility as a Service: A Critical Review of Definitions, Assessments of Schemes, and Key Challenges," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 2(2), pages 13-25.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ye, Jianhong & Zheng, Jiaqi, 2024. "How stakeholders influence MaaS implementation? An analysis based on evolutionary game theory," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 198-210.
    2. Benjamin Maas, 2022. "Literature Review of Mobility as a Service," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-28, July.
    3. Lopez-Carreiro, Iria & Monzon, Andres & Lopez, Elena & Lopez-Lambas, Maria Eugenia, 2020. "Urban mobility in the digital era: An exploration of travellers' expectations of MaaS mobile-technologies," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    4. Jun Zhang & Shuyang Li & Yichuan Wang, 2023. "Shaping a Smart Transportation System for Sustainable Value Co-Creation," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 365-380, February.
    5. Julsrud, Dr. Tom Erik & Krogstad, Dr. Julie Runde, 2020. "Is there enough trust for the smart city? exploring acceptance for use of mobile phone data in oslo and tallinn," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    6. Mwesiumo, Deodat & Halpern, Nigel & Bråthen, Svein & Budd, Thomas & Suau-Sanchez, Pere, 2023. "Perceived benefits as a driver and necessary condition for the willingness of air passengers to provide personal data for non-mandatory digital services at airports," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    7. Zipeng Zhang & Ning Zhang, 2021. "A Novel Development Scheme of Mobility as a Service: Can It Provide a Sustainable Environment for China?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, April.
    8. Iria Lopez-Carreiro & Andres Monzon & Elena Lopez, 2023. "MaaS Implications in the Smart City: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-27, July.
    9. Laura Mariana Reyes Madrigal & Isabelle Nicolaï & Jakob Puchinger, 2023. "Pedestrian mobility in Mobility as a Service (MaaS): sustainable value potential and policy implications in the Paris region case," Post-Print hal-04085604, HAL.
    10. Nikitas, Alexandros & Cotet, Corneliu & Vitel, Alexandra-Elena & Nikitas, Nikolaos & Prato, Carlo, 2024. "Transport stakeholders’ perceptions of Mobility-as-a-Service: A Q-study of cultural shift proponents, policy advocates and technology supporters," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    11. Kayikci, Yasanur & Kabadurmus, Ozgur, 2022. "Barriers to the adoption of the mobility-as-a-service concept: The case of Istanbul, a large emerging metropolis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 219-236.
    12. Tom Storme & Corneel Casier & Hossein Azadi & Frank Witlox, 2021. "Impact Assessments of New Mobility Services: A Critical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
    13. Reck, Daniel J. & Hensher, David A. & Ho, Chinh Q., 2020. "MaaS bundle design," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 485-501.
    14. Claudia Caballini & Maria Vittoria Corazza & Valentina Costa & Ilaria Delponte & Erika Olivari, 2022. "Assessing the Feasibility of MaaS: A Contribution from Three Italian Case Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    15. Samira Dibaj & Aryan Hosseinzadeh & Miloš N. Mladenović & Robert Kluger, 2021. "Where Have Shared E-Scooters Taken Us So Far? A Review of Mobility Patterns, Usage Frequency, and Personas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-27, October.

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