IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/touman/v33y2012i4p885-894.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Emotional confidence levels and success of tourism development for poverty reduction: The South African Kwam eMakana home-stay project

Author

Listed:
  • Kwaramba, Hazel M.
  • Lovett, Jon C.
  • Louw, Lynette
  • Chipumuro, Juliet

Abstract

Poverty reduction is a central component of South African government local economic development (LED) programmes. The Grahamstown Kwame Makana pilot project for promotion of tourism home-stays aims to assist disadvantaged women to become self-reliant entrepreneurs. However the project has only met with partial success. This paper uses an emotional intelligence (EI) methodology to assess the empowerment and confidence levels of the women. The major findings are: a) the home-stays are lacking entrepreneurial steering, reflected by absence of marketing strategies and a heavy reliance on one distribution channel; b) a majority (74.3%) scored low on self and social awareness, self-management and social skills. The paper argues that disadvantaged groups with low emotional confidence levels will struggle to capitalize on opportunities for economic advancement. It concludes that in order to achieve LED, and hence poverty reduction, through tourism home-stays there is a need to focus on building confidence and empowerment of the women.

Suggested Citation

  • Kwaramba, Hazel M. & Lovett, Jon C. & Louw, Lynette & Chipumuro, Juliet, 2012. "Emotional confidence levels and success of tourism development for poverty reduction: The South African Kwam eMakana home-stay project," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 885-894.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:885-894
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.09.010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517711001944
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.09.010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kim, J.C. & Watts, C.H. & Hargreaves, J.R. & Ndhlovu, L.X. & Phetla, G. & Morison, L.A. & Busza, J. & Porter, J.D.H. & Pronyk, P., 2007. "Understanding the impact of a microfinance-based intervention on women's empowerment and the reduction of intimate partner violence in South Africa," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(10), pages 1794-1802.
    2. Solava Ibrahim & Sabina Alkire, 2007. "Agency and Empowerment: A Proposal for Internationally Comparable Indicators," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 379-403.
    3. Caroline Ashley & Dilys Roe, 2002. "Making tourism work for the poor: Strategies and challenges in southern Africa," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 61-82.
    4. Perret, Sylvain R. & Carstens, J. & Randela, Rendani & Moyo, Sibusiso, 2000. "Activity Systems And Livelihoods In Eastern Cape Province Rural Areas (Transkei): Household Typologies As Socio-Economic Contributions To A Landcare Project," Working Papers 18061, University of Pretoria, Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development.
    5. M. Thea Sinclair, 1998. "Tourism and economic development: A survey," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(5), pages 1-51.
    6. Paul Anand & Graham Hunter & Ian Carter & Keith Dowding & Francesco Guala & Martin Van Hees, 2009. "The Development of Capability Indicators," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 125-152.
    7. Alsop, Ruth & Heinsohn, Nina, 2005. "Measuring empowerment in practice: structuring analysis and framing indicators," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3510, The World Bank.
    8. Gasper, Des, 2007. "What is the capability approach?: Its core, rationale, partners and dangers," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 335-359, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sood, Jyoti & Lynch, Paul & Anastasiadou, Constantia, 2017. "Community non-participation in homestays in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 332-347.
    2. Ngoasong, Michael Z. & Kimbu, Albert N., 2016. "Informal microfinance institutions and development-led tourism entrepreneurship," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 430-439.
    3. Yaping Liu & Jie Yu, 2022. "Path dependence in pro-poor tourism," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 973-993, January.
    4. Regina Scheyvens & Heidi van der Watt, 2021. "Tourism, Empowerment and Sustainable Development: A New Framework for Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Furkan Baltaci, 2021. "The Relationship Between The Environmental Attitude, Behavioral Role And Support Of The Local Resident In Sustainable Development Of Tourism: The Example Of Alanya," Journal of Economy Culture and Society, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 63(63), pages 213-236, June.
    6. Kimbu, Albert Nsom & Ngoasong, Michael Zisuh, 2016. "Women as vectors of social entrepreneurship," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 63-79.
    7. Faith Samkange & Haywantee Ramkissoon & Juliet Chipumuro & Henry Wanyama & Gaurav Chawla, 2021. "Innovative and Sustainable Food Production and Food Consumption Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Recipe for Delivering Development Success in South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-20, October.
    8. Figueroa-Domecq, Cristina & de Jong, Anna & Williams, Allan M., 2020. "Gender, tourism & entrepreneurship: A critical review," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    9. Altinay, Levent & Sigala, Marianna & Waligo, Victoria, 2016. "Social value creation through tourism enterprise," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 404-417.
    10. Jun Liu & Mengting Yue & Yiming Liu & Ding Wen & Yun Tong, 2022. "The Impact of Tourism on Ecosystem Services Value: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis Based on BRT and GWR Modeling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, February.
    11. Forbes Kabote & Patrick Walter Mamimine & Zororo Muranda, 2017. "Domestic Tourism For Sustainable Development In Developing Countries: A Conceptual Paper," Revista de turism - studii si cercetari in turism / Journal of tourism - studies and research in tourism, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Public Administration - Economy, Business Administration and Tourism Department., vol. 23(23), pages 1-3, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karen Hofmann & Dominik Schori & Thomas Abel, 2013. "Self-Reported Capabilities Among Young Male Adults in Switzerland: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of a German, French and Italian Version of a Closed Survey Instrument," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 114(2), pages 723-738, November.
    2. Robin A. Richardson, 2018. "Measuring Women’s Empowerment: A Critical Review of Current Practices and Recommendations for Researchers," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 137(2), pages 539-557, June.
    3. Dahoun, Dieudonné Bleossi & Manlan, Olivier & Vodonou, Cosme & Mongan, Saint-Martin & Mededji, Damien & Alofa, Janvier P., 2013. "Microcrédit, pauvreté et autonomisation des femmes au Bénin," PEP Working Papers 160426, Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP).
    4. Alkire, Sabina & Meinzen-Dick, Ruth & Peterman, Amber & Quisumbing, Agnes & Seymour, Greg & Vaz, Ana, 2013. "The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 71-91.
    5. Leßmann, Ortrud, 2011. "Empirische Studien zum Capability Ansatz auf der Grundlage von Befragungen: Ein Überblick," UFZ Discussion Papers 4/2011, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).
    6. Maria Ana Lugo & Esfandiar Maasoumi, 2008. "Multidimensional Poverty Measures from an Information Theory Perspective," Working Papers 85, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    7. Palash Kamruzzaman, 2020. "Exploring the Nexus Between Participation and Empowerment," Journal of Development Policy and Practice, , vol. 5(1), pages 32-53, January.
    8. Pratley, Pierre, 2016. "Associations between quantitative measures of women's empowerment and access to care and health status for mothers and their children: A systematic review of evidence from the developing world," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 119-131.
    9. Lessmann, Ortrud, 2012. "Applying the Capability Approach Empirically: An Overview with Special Attention to Labor," management revue. Socio-economic Studies, Rainer Hampp Verlag, vol. 23(2), pages 98-118.
    10. Dickin, Sarah & Bisung, Elijah & Nansi, Juste & Charles, Katrina, 2021. "Empowerment in water, sanitation and hygiene index," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    11. Saha, Shree & Narayanan, Sudha, 2022. "A simplified measure of nutritional empowerment: Using machine learning to abbreviate the Women’s Empowerment in Nutrition Index (WENI)," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    12. Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela & Johnson, Nancy & Quisumbing, Agnes R. & Njuki, Jemimah & Behrman, Julia A. & Rubin, Deborah & Peterman, Amber & Waithanji, Elizabeth, 2011. "Gender, assets, and agricultural development programs: A conceptual framework:," CAPRi working papers 99, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    13. Claudio Araujo & Catherine Araujo-Bonjean & Victor Beguerie, 2018. "Community mills and women's empowerment in Burkina Faso," CERDI Working papers halshs-01958755, HAL.
    14. Yevessé DANDONOUGBO & Esso-hanam ATAKE & Djinta LITAABA-AKILA & Dédé KOUEVIDJIN, 2023. "Closing the income gap between male and female agricultural workers: the role of women empowerment in Togo's rural areas," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 57, pages 63-80.
    15. Tania Burchardt & Holly Holder, 2012. "Developing Survey Measures of Inequality of Autonomy in the UK," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(1), pages 1-25, March.
    16. Deepa Narayan & Lant Pritchett & Soumya Kapoor, 2009. "Moving Out of Poverty : Volume 2. Success from the Bottom Up," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 11838.
    17. Ballet, Jérôme & Bazin, Damien Jérôme Albert & Komena, Boniface K., 2020. "Unequal capabilities and natural resource management: The case of Côte d’Ivoire," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    18. Luc Ootegem & Elsy Verhofstadt, 2012. "Using Capabilities as an Alternative Indicator for Well-being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(1), pages 133-152, March.
    19. Carunia Mulya Firdausy & Dwi Andayani Budisetyowati, 2022. "Variables, Dimensions, and Indicators Important to Develop the Multidimensional Poverty Line Measurement in Indonesia," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(2), pages 763-802, July.
    20. Ronelle Burger & Camren McAravey & Servaas van der Berg, 2017. "The Capability Threshold: Re-examining the Definition of the Middle Class in an Unequal Developing Country," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 89-106, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:885-894. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/tourism-management .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.