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Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research

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  • Laura J. Burton

Abstract

Despite increased participation opportunities for girls and women in sport, they are underrepresented in leadership positions at all levels of sport. The objective of this review is to provide a multilevel examination of available scholarship that contributes to understanding why there are so few women in leadership positions within sport. From a macro-level perspective, scholarship regarding the institutionalized practices of gender in sport is examined. The meso-level review includes stereotyping of leaders, issues of discrimination, and gendered organizational cultures. Finally research reviewed at the micro-level explores women's expectations in leadership positions, occupational turnover intentions, and the influence of symbolic interactionism on women's career advancement. In addition, the author identifies new research areas and additional recommendations for how best to increase the number of women in leadership positions in sport.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura J. Burton, 2015. "Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 155-165, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rsmrxx:v:18:y:2015:i:2:p:155-165
    DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2014.02.004
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    Cited by:

    1. Stride, Annette & Fitzgerald, Hayley & Rankin-Wright, Alexandra & Barnes, Luke, 2020. "The en/gendering of volunteering: “I’ve pretty much always noticed that the tail runner is always female”," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 498-508.
    2. José V. Pestana & Nuria Codina, 2020. "Collective and Individual Sources of Women’s Creativity: Heroism and Psychological Types Involved in Enhancing the Talent of Emerging Leaders," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-25, May.
    3. Kang, Seungmin & Svensson, Per G., 2019. "Shared leadership in sport for development and peace: A conceptual framework of antecedents and outcomes," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 464-476.
    4. Juan Carlos Guevara-Pérez & Jorge Rojo-Ramos & Rudemarlyn Urdaneta-Camacho & Emilio Martín Vallespín, 2022. "Raiders of the Olympic Values: Perception of the Development of Women’s Canoeing in Spain for Tokyo 2021," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-10, June.
    5. Quinn A. W. Keefer, 2022. "Sex Differences in High-Level Managerial Jobs: Evidence From Professional Basketball," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 23(3), pages 301-328, April.
    6. Schaeperkoetter, Claire C., 2017. "Basketball officiating as a gendered arena: An autoethnography," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 128-141.
    7. Geissler, Dominik & Beiderbeck, Daniel & Schmidt, Sascha L. & Schreyer, Dominik, 2024. "Emerging technologies and shifting consumer motives: Projecting the future of the top-tier sports media product," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    8. Dina A. M. Miragaia & João J. M. Ferreira & Carla D. M. Costa, 2022. "What Are Workers’ Perceptions of Women’s Organizational Leadership?," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 3345-3363, December.
    9. Berg, Brennan K. & Fuller, Rhema D. & Hutchinson, Michael, 2018. "“But a champion comes out much, much later”: A sport development case study of the 1968 U.S. Olympic team," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 430-442.
    10. Tuan, Luu Trong, 2020. "Coach humility and player creativity: The roles of knowledge sharing and group diversity," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 284-301.
    11. Lara Lesch & Shannon Kerwin & Tim F. Thormann & Pamela Wicker, 2022. "Critical Masses and Gender Diversity in Voluntary Sport Leadership: The Role of Economic and Social State-Level Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    12. Pablo Pita & Gillian Barbara Ainsworth & Bernardino Alba & Josep Alós & José Beiro & Pablo Martín-Sosa & Llibori Martínez & Begoña Marugán-Pintos & Beatriz Morales-Nin & Estanis Mugerza & Beatriz Niet, 2023. "Mind the Gender Gap in Marine Recreational Fisheries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-8, July.
    13. Salaga, Steven & Juravich, Matthew, 2020. "National Football League head coach race, performance, retention, and dismissal," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 978-991.
    14. Frevel, Nicolas & Beiderbeck, Daniel & Schmidt, Sascha L., 2022. "The impact of technology on sports – A prospective study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    15. Gomez-Gonzalez, Carlos & Dietl, Helmut & Nesseler, Cornel, 2019. "Does performance justify the underrepresentation of women coaches? Evidence from professional women’s soccer," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 640-651.
    16. Swanson, Steve & Billsberry, Jon & Kent, Aubrey & Skinner, James & Mueller, Jacqueline, 2020. "Leader prototypicality in sport: The implicit leadership theories of women and men entering sport management careers," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 640-656.
    17. Ye Hoon Lee & Hyungsook Kim & Yonghyun Park, 2022. "Development of a Conceptual Model of Occupational Stress for Athletic Directors in Sport Contexts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, January.
    18. Warner, Stacy, 2019. "Sport as medicine: How F3 is building healthier men and communities," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 38-52.

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