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Glycerol acetals and ketals as possible diesel additives. A review of their synthesis protocols

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  • Trifoi, Ancuţa Roxana
  • Agachi, Paul Şerban
  • Pap, Timea

Abstract

With the rapid development of the biodiesel industry all over the world, a large surplus of glycerol has been created, so economic uses of glycerol for value-added products are critical for the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. One of the main interests in recent years for glycerin utilization is its conversion in acetals and ketals, with the potential to be used as fuel additives. Glycerol acetals and ketals can be synthesized through the acid-catalyzed reaction of glycerol with aldehydes and ketones, respectively. This paper reviews different approaches and techniques used to obtain glycerol acetals and ketals, regarding the reactor design, catalyst design and the effect of different parameters in the reaction system.

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  • Trifoi, Ancuţa Roxana & Agachi, Paul Şerban & Pap, Timea, 2016. "Glycerol acetals and ketals as possible diesel additives. A review of their synthesis protocols," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 804-814.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:62:y:2016:i:c:p:804-814
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.013
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    1. Nanda, Malaya R. & Yuan, Zhongshun & Qin, Wensheng & Ghaziaskar, Hassan S. & Poirier, Marc-Andre & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2014. "A new continuous-flow process for catalytic conversion of glycerol to oxygenated fuel additive: Catalyst screening," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 75-81.
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    Cited by:

    1. Is Fatimah & Imam Sahroni & Ganjar Fadillah & Muhammad Miqdam Musawwa & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia & Oki Muraza, 2019. "Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Okoye, P.U. & Abdullah, A.Z. & Hameed, B.H., 2017. "A review on recent developments and progress in the kinetics and deactivation of catalytic acetylation of glycerol—A byproduct of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 387-401.
    3. Bumbac, Gheorghe & Banu, Ionut, 2022. "Modeling and simulation process for solketal synthesis from glycerol and acetone by catalytic distillation in a modified structure of a divided wall column," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 662-675.
    4. Marcio Jose da Silva & Neide Paloma Gonçalves Lopes & Alana Alves Rodrigues, 2023. "Biodiesel Additives Synthesis Using Solid Heteropolyacid Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-29, January.
    5. Sedghi, Reza & Shahbeik, Hossein & Rastegari, Hajar & Rafiee, Shahin & Peng, Wanxi & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Gupta, Vijai Kumar & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lam, Su Shiung & Pan, Junting & Tabatabaei, Meisam & A, 2022. "Turning biodiesel glycerol into oxygenated fuel additives and their effects on the behavior of internal combustion engines: A comprehensive systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    6. Cornejo, A. & Barrio, I. & Campoy, M. & Lázaro, J. & Navarrete, B., 2017. "Oxygenated fuel additives from glycerol valorization. Main production pathways and effects on fuel properties and engine performance: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1400-1413.

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    Keywords

    Glycerol; Biodiesel; Acetal; Ketal;
    All these keywords.

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