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Carbon distribution of algae-based alternative aviation fuel obtained by different pathways

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  • Yang, Xiaoyi
  • Guo, Fang
  • Xue, Song
  • Wang, Xin

Abstract

Algae are considered to be the most viable feedstock for alternative aviation fuel production. The alternative (nonpetroleum) fuel from biomass could be produced as “drop-in” fuels with no effects on flight safety and would be interchangeable with current fuels in performance and handling. Accordingly, alternative fuels blended with petroleum fuels should meet jet fuel׳s requirements as laid out in the specifications (ASTM D7566). The current jet fuel specifications have implicitly limited jet fuel hydrocarbons with carbon numbers owing to the meeting of suitable physical properties. Accordingly, the carbon distribution of lipids in algae influences the aviation fuel yield and the use of biorefining pathway. This paper investigates the carbon distributions of lipids in different types of algae and characteristics of jet fuels derived from algae have also been discussed by four pathways including Fischer–Tropsch (FT) jet fuel process, hydrotreated renewable jet fuel process, pyrolysis-hydrotreated renewable jet fuel process and hydrothermal liquefaction-hydrotreated renewable jet fuel process. Moreover, carbon distributions of microalgae lipids in 103 species from 10 phyla have been concluded in order to obtain the more potential candidates for sustainable resources of bio-kerosene. The carbon distribution of a typical FT jet fuel can be modeled by the Anderson–Schultz–Flory distribution, which content can be produced to be similar to that kerosene by optimizing the FT process. The hydrotreated renewable jet fuel contains a complex carbon distribution between C7 and C18 due to the hydrotreating reactions applied, including hydrodeoxygenation, hydrocarbonylation, and decarboxylation. Pyrolysis biocrude is similar to hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude as regards carbon distribution. In pyrolysis-hydrotreated renewable jet fuel process, higher pyrolysis temperature and catalyst seem to be helpful to production of C8–C16 compounds in biofuels. In hydrothermal liquefaction-hydrotreated renewable jet fuel process, the carbon distribution of jet fuel is similar to that of pyrolysis-derived jet fuel and it lead to higher bio-kerosene product.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Xiaoyi & Guo, Fang & Xue, Song & Wang, Xin, 2016. "Carbon distribution of algae-based alternative aviation fuel obtained by different pathways," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1129-1147.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:54:y:2016:i:c:p:1129-1147
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.045
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shuping, Zou & Yulong, Wu & Mingde, Yang & Kaleem, Imdad & Chun, Li & Tong, Junmao, 2010. "Production and characterization of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta cake," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5406-5411.
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    3. Why, Elaine Siew Kuan & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Lee, Hwei Voon & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Asikin-Mijan, N. & Varman, Mahendra & Loh, Wen Jing, 2022. "Single-step catalytic deoxygenation of palm feedstocks for the production of sustainable bio-jet fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    4. Prussi, M. & Weindorf, W. & Buffi, M. & Sánchez López, J. & Scarlat, N., 2021. "Are algae ready to take off? GHG emission savings of algae-to-kerosene production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    5. Adeniyi, Oladapo Martins & Azimov, Ulugbek & Burluka, Alexey, 2018. "Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 316-335.
    6. Chiaramonti, David & Prussi, Matteo & Buffi, Marco & Rizzo, Andrea Maria & Pari, Luigi, 2017. "Review and experimental study on pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae for biofuel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 963-972.

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