IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v149y2021ics1364032121006390.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The carbon footprint of island grids with lithium-ion battery systems: An analysis based on levelized emissions of energy supply

Author

Listed:
  • Parlikar, Anupam
  • Truong, Cong Nam
  • Jossen, Andreas
  • Hesse, Holger

Abstract

Electrical energy storage systems are key to the integration of intermittent renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaic solar systems and wind turbines. As installed battery energy storage system capacities rise, it is crucial that the environmental impacts of these systems are also positive. In this work, a methodology to ascertain the effect and effectiveness of integration of energy storage on the carbon footprint of isolated island grid energy systems and its reduction is presented. Two metrics are introduced — the Levelized Emissions of Energy Supply (LEES), and the reduction in emissions per additional unit of energy storage (R). The proposed methodology is applied to an island grid scenario to ascertain the variation in the LEES value with the peak power and energy storage capacity of the BESS. A simplified LCA of a utility-scale Lithium-ion BESS is also carried out for this purpose. It is found that for the considered scenarios, incorporation of battery systems is always effective in reducing emissions, with a maximum possible reduction of nearly 50% compared to no storage. With the help of the metric R, the proposed methodology is also useful in identifying isolated energy systems which should be prioritized for incorporation of additional energy storage capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Parlikar, Anupam & Truong, Cong Nam & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2021. "The carbon footprint of island grids with lithium-ion battery systems: An analysis based on levelized emissions of energy supply," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:149:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121006390
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111353
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121006390
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111353?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lin, Yashen & Johnson, Jeremiah X. & Mathieu, Johanna L., 2016. "Emissions impacts of using energy storage for power system reserves," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 444-456.
    2. Allen H. Hu & Lance Hongwei Huang & Sylvia Lou & Chien-Hung Kuo & Chin-Yao Huang & Ke-Jen Chian & Hao-Ting Chien & Hwen-Fen Hong, 2016. "Assessment of the Carbon Footprint, Social Benefit of Carbon Reduction, and Energy Payback Time of a High-Concentration Photovoltaic System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Diouf, Boucar & Pode, Ramchandra, 2015. "Potential of lithium-ion batteries in renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 375-380.
    4. McKenna, Eoghan & McManus, Marcelle & Cooper, Sam & Thomson, Murray, 2013. "Economic and environmental impact of lead-acid batteries in grid-connected domestic PV systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 239-249.
    5. Graham Palmer, 2017. "A Framework for Incorporating EROI into Electrical Storage," Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality, Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 1-19, June.
    6. Flowers, Mallory E. & Smith, Matthew K. & Parsekian, Ara W. & Boyuk, Dmitriy S. & McGrath, Jenna K. & Yates, Luke, 2016. "Climate impacts on the cost of solar energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 264-273.
    7. Notton, G. & Lazarov, V. & Stoyanov, L., 2010. "Optimal sizing of a grid-connected PV system for various PV module technologies and inclinations, inverter efficiency characteristics and locations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 541-554.
    8. Arbabzadeh, Maryam & Johnson, Jeremiah X. & De Kleine, Robert & Keoleian, Gregory A., 2015. "Vanadium redox flow batteries to reach greenhouse gas emissions targets in an off-grid configuration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 397-408.
    9. Notton, Gilles & Nivet, Marie-Laure & Voyant, Cyril & Paoli, Christophe & Darras, Christophe & Motte, Fabrice & Fouilloy, Alexis, 2018. "Intermittent and stochastic character of renewable energy sources: Consequences, cost of intermittence and benefit of forecasting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 96-105.
    10. Schimpe, Michael & Naumann, Maik & Truong, Nam & Hesse, Holger C. & Santhanagopalan, Shriram & Saxon, Aron & Jossen, Andreas, 2018. "Energy efficiency evaluation of a stationary lithium-ion battery container storage system via electro-thermal modeling and detailed component analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 211-229.
    11. Few, Sheridan & Schmidt, Oliver & Offer, Gregory J. & Brandon, Nigel & Nelson, Jenny & Gambhir, Ajay, 2018. "Prospective improvements in cost and cycle life of off-grid lithium-ion battery packs: An analysis informed by expert elicitations," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 578-590.
    12. Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Goglio, Pietro & Hu, Yukun & Varga, Liz & McCabe, Leah, 2020. "Techno-environmental analysis of battery storage for grid level energy services," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    13. Holger C. Hesse & Michael Schimpe & Daniel Kucevic & Andreas Jossen, 2017. "Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-42, December.
    14. Matthew O. Reese & Stephen Glynn & Michael D. Kempe & Deborah L. McGott & Matthew S. Dabney & Teresa M. Barnes & Samuel Booth & David Feldman & Nancy M. Haegel, 2018. "Increasing markets and decreasing package weight for high-specific-power photovoltaics," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(11), pages 1002-1012, November.
    15. Peters, Jens F. & Baumann, Manuel & Zimmermann, Benedikt & Braun, Jessica & Weil, Marcel, 2017. "The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 491-506.
    16. Abdon, Andreas & Zhang, Xiaojin & Parra, David & Patel, Martin K. & Bauer, Christian & Worlitschek, Jörg, 2017. "Techno-economic and environmental assessment of stationary electricity storage technologies for different time scales," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1173-1187.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhao, Naixin & Gu, Wenbo & Zheng, Zipeng & Ma, Tao, 2023. "Multi-objective bi-level planning of the integrated energy system considering uncertain user loads and carbon emission during the equipment manufacturing process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    2. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Ju, Xiaoyu & Li, Maoyu & Cao, Bei & Yang, Lizhong, 2023. "Experimental study of thermal runaway propagation along horizontal and vertical directions for LiFePO4 electrical energy storage modules," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 13-26.
    3. He, Yi & Guo, Su & Dong, Peixin & Huang, Jing & Zhou, Jianxu, 2023. "Hierarchical optimization of policy and design for standalone hybrid power systems considering lifecycle carbon reduction subsidy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    4. Qin, Peng & Jia, Zhuangzhuang & Wu, Jingyun & Jin, Kaiqiang & Duan, Qiangling & Jiang, Lihua & Sun, Jinhua & Ding, Jinghu & Shi, Cheng & Wang, Qingsong, 2022. "The thermal runaway analysis on LiFePO4 electrical energy storage packs with different venting areas and void volumes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    5. Parlikar, Anupam & Schott, Maximilian & Godse, Ketaki & Kucevic, Daniel & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2023. "High-power electric vehicle charging: Low-carbon grid integration pathways with stationary lithium-ion battery systems and renewable generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    6. T. Chamarande & B. Hingray & Sandrine Mathy, 2024. "Carbon footprint of solar based mini-grids in Africa: Drivers and levers for reduction," Post-Print hal-04721670, HAL.
    7. Zhou, Yuekuan, 2022. "Transition towards carbon-neutral districts based on storage techniques and spatiotemporal energy sharing with electrification and hydrogenation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Parlikar, Anupam & Schott, Maximilian & Godse, Ketaki & Kucevic, Daniel & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2023. "High-power electric vehicle charging: Low-carbon grid integration pathways with stationary lithium-ion battery systems and renewable generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    2. Stefan Englberger & Holger Hesse & Daniel Kucevic & Andreas Jossen, 2019. "A Techno-Economic Analysis of Vehicle-to-Building: Battery Degradation and Efficiency Analysis in the Context of Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Walmsley, Timothy Gordon & Philipp, Matthias & Picón-Núñez, Martín & Meschede, Henning & Taylor, Matthew Thomas & Schlosser, Florian & Atkins, Martin John, 2023. "Hybrid renewable energy utility systems for industrial sites: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Ahmed Gailani & Tracey Crosbie & Maher Al-Greer & Michael Short & Nashwan Dawood, 2020. "On the Role of Regulatory Policy on the Business Case for Energy Storage in Both EU and UK Energy Systems: Barriers and Enablers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, March.
    5. Ghorbanzadeh, Milad & Astaneh, Majid & Golzar, Farzin, 2019. "Long-term degradation based analysis for lithium-ion batteries in off-grid wind-battery renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1194-1206.
    6. Jose-Maria Delgado-Sanchez & Isidoro Lillo-Bravo, 2020. "Influence of Degradation Processes in Lead–Acid Batteries on the Technoeconomic Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-28, August.
    7. Lybbert, M. & Ghaemi, Z. & Balaji, A.K. & Warren, R., 2021. "Integrating life cycle assessment and electrochemical modeling to study the effects of cell design and operating conditions on the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    8. Christian Aichberger & Gerfried Jungmeier, 2020. "Environmental Life Cycle Impacts of Automotive Batteries Based on a Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-27, December.
    9. Diwakar Karuppiah & Rajkumar Palanisamy & Arjunan Ponnaiah & Wei-Ren Liu & Chia-Hung Huang & Subadevi Rengapillai & Sivakumar Marimuthu, 2020. "Eggshell-Membrane-Derived Carbon Coated on Li 2 FeSiO 4 Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, February.
    10. Collath, Nils & Cornejo, Martin & Engwerth, Veronika & Hesse, Holger & Jossen, Andreas, 2023. "Increasing the lifetime profitability of battery energy storage systems through aging aware operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    11. Jürgen Marchgraber & Wolfgang Gawlik, 2021. "Dynamic Prioritization of Functions during Real-Time Multi-Use Operation of Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-36, January.
    12. Siavash Asiaban & Nezmin Kayedpour & Arash E. Samani & Dimitar Bozalakov & Jeroen D. M. De Kooning & Guillaume Crevecoeur & Lieven Vandevelde, 2021. "Wind and Solar Intermittency and the Associated Integration Challenges: A Comprehensive Review Including the Status in the Belgian Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-41, May.
    13. Martin Henke & Getu Hailu, 2020. "Thermal Management of Stationary Battery Systems: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    14. Gupta, Ruchi & Pena-Bello, Alejandro & Streicher, Kai Nino & Roduner, Cattia & Farhat, Yamshid & Thöni, David & Patel, Martin Kumar & Parra, David, 2021. "Spatial analysis of distribution grid capacity and costs to enable massive deployment of PV, electric mobility and electric heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    15. Pinto, Edwin S. & Gronier, Timothé & Franquet, Erwin & Serra, Luis M., 2023. "Opportunities and economic assessment for a third-party delivering electricity, heat and cold to residential buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    16. Chatzisideris, Marios D. & Ohms, Pernille K. & Espinosa, Nieves & Krebs, Frederik C. & Laurent, Alexis, 2019. "Economic and environmental performances of organic photovoltaics with battery storage for residential self-consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    17. Tervo, Eric & Agbim, Kenechi & DeAngelis, Freddy & Hernandez, Jeffrey & Kim, Hye Kyung & Odukomaiya, Adewale, 2018. "An economic analysis of residential photovoltaic systems with lithium ion battery storage in the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 1057-1066.
    18. Englberger, Stefan & Abo Gamra, Kareem & Tepe, Benedikt & Schreiber, Michael & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2021. "Electric vehicle multi-use: Optimizing multiple value streams using mobile storage systems in a vehicle-to-grid context," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    19. Mostafa Farrokhabadi, 2019. "Data-Driven Mitigation of Energy Scheduling Inaccuracy in Renewable-Penetrated Grids: Summerside Electric Use Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-23, June.
    20. Han, Xuejiao & Garrison, Jared & Hug, Gabriela, 2022. "Techno-economic analysis of PV-battery systems in Switzerland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:149:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121006390. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.