IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v210y2018icp211-229.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy efficiency evaluation of a stationary lithium-ion battery container storage system via electro-thermal modeling and detailed component analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Schimpe, Michael
  • Naumann, Maik
  • Truong, Nam
  • Hesse, Holger C.
  • Santhanagopalan, Shriram
  • Saxon, Aron
  • Jossen, Andreas

Abstract

Energy efficiency is a key performance indicator for battery storage systems. A detailed electro-thermal model of a stationary lithium-ion battery system is developed and an evaluation of its energy efficiency is conducted. The model offers a holistic approach to calculating conversion losses and auxiliary power consumption. Sub-models for battery rack, power electronics, thermal management as well as the control and monitoring components are developed and coupled to a comprehensive model. The simulation is parametrized based on a prototype 192 kWh system using lithium iron phosphate batteries connected to the low voltage grid. The key loss mechanisms are identified, thoroughly analyzed and modeled. Generic profiles featuring various system operation modes are evaluated to show the characteristics of stationary battery systems. Typically the losses in the power electronics outweigh the losses in the battery at low power operating points. The auxiliary power consumption dominates for low system utilization rates. For estimation of real-world performance, the grid applications Primary Control Reserve, Secondary Control Reserve and the storage of surplus photovoltaic power are evaluated. Conversion round-trip efficiency is in the range of 70–80%. Overall system efficiency, which also considers system power consumption, is 8–13 percentage points lower for Primary Control Reserve and the photovoltaic-battery application. However, for Secondary Control Reserve, the total round-trip efficiency is found to be extremely low at 23% due to the low energy throughput of this application type.

Suggested Citation

  • Schimpe, Michael & Naumann, Maik & Truong, Nam & Hesse, Holger C. & Santhanagopalan, Shriram & Saxon, Aron & Jossen, Andreas, 2018. "Energy efficiency evaluation of a stationary lithium-ion battery container storage system via electro-thermal modeling and detailed component analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 211-229.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:210:y:2018:i:c:p:211-229
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.129
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917315696
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.129?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fabio Massimo Gatta & Alberto Geri & Regina Lamedica & Stefano Lauria & Marco Maccioni & Francesco Palone & Massimo Rebolini & Alessandro Ruvio, 2016. "Application of a LiFePO 4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Bennett, Christopher J. & Stewart, Rodney A. & Lu, Jun Wei, 2015. "Development of a three-phase battery energy storage scheduling and operation system for low voltage distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 122-134.
    3. Nyholm, Emil & Goop, Joel & Odenberger, Mikael & Johnsson, Filip, 2016. "Solar photovoltaic-battery systems in Swedish households – Self-consumption and self-sufficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 148-159.
    4. Balcombe, Paul & Rigby, Dan & Azapagic, Adisa, 2015. "Environmental impacts of microgeneration: Integrating solar PV, Stirling engine CHP and battery storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 245-259.
    5. Björn Nykvist & Måns Nilsson, 2015. "Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(4), pages 329-332, April.
    6. de Oliveira e Silva, Guilherme & Hendrick, Patrick, 2017. "Photovoltaic self-sufficiency of Belgian households using lithium-ion batteries, and its impact on the grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 786-799.
    7. Aneke, Mathew & Wang, Meihong, 2016. "Energy storage technologies and real life applications – A state of the art review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 350-377.
    8. Darcovich, K. & Kenney, B. & MacNeil, D.D. & Armstrong, M.M., 2015. "Control strategies and cycling demands for Li-ion storage batteries in residential micro-cogeneration systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 32-41.
    9. Mariaud, Arthur & Acha, Salvador & Ekins-Daukes, Ned & Shah, Nilay & Markides, Christos N., 2017. "Integrated optimisation of photovoltaic and battery storage systems for UK commercial buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 466-478.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Luthander, Rasmus & Nilsson, Annica M. & Widén, Joakim & Åberg, Magnus, 2019. "Graphical analysis of photovoltaic generation and load matching in buildings: A novel way of studying self-consumption and self-sufficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 748-759.
    2. Schopfer, S. & Tiefenbeck, V. & Staake, T., 2018. "Economic assessment of photovoltaic battery systems based on household load profiles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 229-248.
    3. Federica Cucchiella & Idiano D’Adamo & Massimo Gastaldi, 2017. "The Economic Feasibility of Residential Energy Storage Combined with PV Panels: The Role of Subsidies in Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Han, Xuejiao & Garrison, Jared & Hug, Gabriela, 2022. "Techno-economic analysis of PV-battery systems in Switzerland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    5. Hartmann, Bálint & Divényi, Dániel & Vokony, István, 2018. "Evaluation of business possibilities of energy storage at commercial and industrial consumers – A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 59-66.
    6. Jannesar, Mohammad Rasol & Sedighi, Alireza & Savaghebi, Mehdi & Guerrero, Josep M., 2018. "Optimal placement, sizing, and daily charge/discharge of battery energy storage in low voltage distribution network with high photovoltaic penetration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 957-966.
    7. Jiang, Yinghua & Kang, Lixia & Liu, Yongzhong, 2019. "A unified model to optimize configuration of battery energy storage systems with multiple types of batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 552-560.
    8. Kneiske, T.M. & Braun, M. & Hidalgo-Rodriguez, D.I., 2018. "A new combined control algorithm for PV-CHP hybrid systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 964-973.
    9. Azuatalam, Donald & Paridari, Kaveh & Ma, Yiju & Förstl, Markus & Chapman, Archie C. & Verbič, Gregor, 2019. "Energy management of small-scale PV-battery systems: A systematic review considering practical implementation, computational requirements, quality of input data and battery degradation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 555-570.
    10. Berrueta, Alberto & Heck, Michael & Jantsch, Martin & Ursúa, Alfredo & Sanchis, Pablo, 2018. "Combined dynamic programming and region-elimination technique algorithm for optimal sizing and management of lithium-ion batteries for photovoltaic plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1-11.
    11. Mason, I.G. & Miller, A.J.V., 2016. "Energetic and economic optimisation of islanded household-scale photovoltaic-plus-battery systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 559-573.
    12. Chowdhury, Jahedul Islam & Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye & Goglio, Pietro & Hu, Yukun & Varga, Liz & McCabe, Leah, 2020. "Techno-environmental analysis of battery storage for grid level energy services," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    13. Yang, Yuqing & Bremner, Stephen & Menictas, Chris & Kay, Merlinde, 2022. "Modelling and optimal energy management for battery energy storage systems in renewable energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    14. Li, Jianwei & Wang, Xudong & Zhang, Zhenyu & Le Blond, Simon & Yang, Qingqing & Zhang, Min & Yuan, Weijia, 2017. "Analysis of a new design of the hybrid energy storage system used in the residential m-CHP systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 169-179.
    15. Zhang, Yang & Campana, Pietro Elia & Lundblad, Anders & Yan, Jinyue, 2017. "Comparative study of hydrogen storage and battery storage in grid connected photovoltaic system: Storage sizing and rule-based operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 397-411.
    16. Li, Dacheng & Guo, Songshan & He, Wei & King, Marcus & Wang, Jihong, 2021. "Combined capacity and operation optimisation of lithium-ion battery energy storage working with a combined heat and power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    17. O'Shaughnessy, Eric & Cutler, Dylan & Ardani, Kristen & Margolis, Robert, 2018. "Solar plus: Optimization of distributed solar PV through battery storage and dispatchable load in residential buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 11-21.
    18. Fantauzzi, M. & Lauria, D. & Mottola, F. & Scalfati, A., 2017. "Sizing energy storage systems in DC networks: A general methodology based upon power losses minimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 862-872.
    19. Andreolli, Francesca & D’Alpaos, Chiara & Moretto, Michele, 2022. "Valuing investments in domestic PV-Battery Systems under uncertainty," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    20. Michael Schimpe & Christian Piesch & Holger C. Hesse & Julian Paß & Stefan Ritter & Andreas Jossen, 2018. "Power Flow Distribution Strategy for Improved Power Electronics Energy Efficiency in Battery Storage Systems: Development and Implementation in a Utility-Scale System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:210:y:2018:i:c:p:211-229. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.