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Effects of solid base catalysts on depolymerization of alkali lignin for the production of phenolic monomer compounds

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  • Biswas, Bijoy
  • Kumar, Avnish
  • Krishna, Bhavya B.
  • Bhaskar, Thallada

Abstract

Different solid base catalysts such as CaO/CeO2, CaO/Al2O3, and CaO/ZrO2 were used for the depolymerization of alkali lignin. Various reaction parameters including reaction solvents (ethanol and methanol), time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) and catalyst amounts have been screened at reaction temperature of 180 °C. Catalytic liquefaction produced higher bio-oil yield and maximum bio-oil yield (50.0 wt%) was obtained with ethanol and methanol solvent using different catalysts (CaO/ZrO2, and CaO/CeO2). Non-catalytic reaction and support catalysts produced lower bio-oil yield (42.0–46.0 wt%). The bio-oil was analyzed using GC-MS, 1H NMR, TOC, CHNS and FT-IR. It has been seen from the bio-oil analysis that vanillin was the main product with about 41.8–62.2 area%. This is due to solid base catalyst significantly enhancing the β-O-4 cleavage which increased the bio-oil yield as well as the selectivity of compound. The fundamental vibrations band at 2943 and 2978 cm−1 were observed for methoxy proton in catalytic bio-oil with higher intensity compared to the non-catalytic bio-oil. Maximum higher heating value (HHV) of bio-oil was observed with CaO/CeO2catalyst with methanol solvent (27.6 MJ/kg). It is suggested that the energy of the bio-oil can be enhanced by CaO/CeO2 catalyst using methanol solvent for liquefaction reaction.

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  • Biswas, Bijoy & Kumar, Avnish & Krishna, Bhavya B. & Bhaskar, Thallada, 2021. "Effects of solid base catalysts on depolymerization of alkali lignin for the production of phenolic monomer compounds," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 270-280.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:175:y:2021:i:c:p:270-280
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.04.039
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    1. Chen, Minzi & Zhang, Shuping & Su, Yinhai & Niu, Xin & Zhu, Shuguang & Liu, Xinzhi, 2022. "Catalytic co-pyrolysis of food waste digestate and corn husk with CaO catalyst for upgrading bio-oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 105-114.
    2. Fan, Meishan & Lei, Ming & Xie, Jun & Zhang, Hongdan, 2022. "Further insights into the solubilization and surface modification of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 646-655.
    3. Radhakrishnan, Rokesh & Manna, Bharat & Ghosh, Amit, 2023. "Molecular insights into dissolution of lignin bunch in ionic liquid-water mixture for enhanced biomass conversion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 47-59.
    4. Wu, Haijun & Li, Xinlong & Zhang, Quan & Zhang, Kai & Xu, Xia & Xu, Jian, 2022. "Promoting the conversion of poplar to bio-oil based on the synergistic effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 107-117.

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