IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v12y2008i8p2092-2116.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review

Author

Listed:
  • Effendi, A.
  • Gerhauser, H.
  • Bridgwater, A.V.

Abstract

This review covers the production and utilisation of liquids from the thermal processing of biomass and related materials to substitute for synthetic phenol and formaldehyde in phenol formaldehyde resins. These resins are primarily employed in the manufacture of wood panels such as plywood, MDF, particle-board and OSB. The most important thermal conversion methods for this purpose are fast pyrolysis and vacuum pyrolysis, pressure liquefaction and phenolysis. Many feedstocks have been tested for their suitability as sources of phenolics including hard and softwoods, bark and residual lignins. Resins have been prepared utilising either the whole liquid product, or a phenolics enriched fraction obtained after fractional condensation or further processing, such as solvent extraction. None of the phenolics production and fractionation techniques covered in this review are believed to allow substitution of 100% of the phenol content of the resin without impacting its effectiveness compared to commercial formulations based on petroleum derived phenol. This survey shows that considerable progress has been made towards reaching the goal of a price competitive renewable resin, but that further research is required to meet the twin challenges of low renewable resin cost and satisfactory quality requirements. Particular areas of concern are wood panel press times, variability of renewable resin properties, odour, lack of reactive sites compared to phenol and potential for increased emissions of volatile organic compounds.

Suggested Citation

  • Effendi, A. & Gerhauser, H. & Bridgwater, A.V., 2008. "Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(8), pages 2092-2116, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:12:y:2008:i:8:p:2092-2116
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364-0321(07)00065-2
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bridgwater, A. V. & Peacocke, G. V. C., 2000. "Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 1-73, March.
    2. Gani, Asri & Naruse, Ichiro, 2007. "Effect of cellulose and lignin content on pyrolysis and combustion characteristics for several types of biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 649-661.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lazzari, Eliane & Polidoro, Allan dos Santos & Onorevoli, Bruna & Schena, Tiago & Silva, Aline Nunes & Scapin, Enelise & Jacques, Rosangela Assis & Caramão, Elina Bastos, 2019. "Production of rice husk bio-oil and comprehensive characterization (qualitative and quantitative) by HPLC/PDA and GC × GC/qMS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 554-565.
    2. Yang, Zixu & Lei, Hanwu & Zhang, Yayun & Qian, Kezhen & Villota, Elmar & Qian, Moriko & Yadavalli, Gayatri & Sun, Hua, 2018. "Production of renewable alkyl-phenols from catalytic pyrolysis of Douglas fir sawdust over biomass-derived activated carbons," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 426-436.
    3. Wang, Wenliang & Li, Xinping & Ye, Dan & Cai, LiPing & Shi, Sheldon Q., 2018. "Catalytic pyrolysis of larch sawdust for phenol-rich bio-oil using different catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 146-152.
    4. Akhtar, Javaid & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina, 2011. "A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1615-1624, April.
    5. Guzelciftci, Begum & Park, Ki-Bum & Kim, Joo-Sik, 2020. "Production of phenol-rich bio-oil via a two-stage pyrolysis of wood," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    6. Ahmad, Fiaz & Silva, Edson Luiz & Varesche, Maria Bernadete Amâncio, 2018. "Hydrothermal processing of biomass for anaerobic digestion – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 108-124.
    7. Shen, Zheng & Zhou, Jingfei & Zhou, Xuefei & Zhang, Yalei, 2011. "The production of acetic acid from microalgae under hydrothermal conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3444-3447.
    8. Dessbesell, Luana & Paleologou, Michael & Leitch, Mathew & Pulkki, Reino & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2020. "Global lignin supply overview and kraft lignin potential as an alternative for petroleum-based polymers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    9. Amutio, M. & Lopez, G. & Artetxe, M. & Elordi, G. & Olazar, M. & Bilbao, J., 2012. "Influence of temperature on biomass pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed reactor," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 23-31.
    10. Minghao Zhou & Junming Xu & Jianchun Jiang & Brajendra K. Sharma, 2018. "A Review of Microwave Assisted Liquefaction of Lignin in Hydrogen Donor Solvents: Effect of Solvents and Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    11. Pan, Hui, 2011. "Synthesis of polymers from organic solvent liquefied biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(7), pages 3454-3463, September.
    12. Garcia, Betzaida Batalla & Candelaria, Stephanie L. & Liu, Dawei & Sepheri, Saghar & Cruz, James A. & Cao, Guozhong, 2011. "High performance high-purity sol-gel derived carbon supercapacitors from renewable sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1788-1794.
    13. Feng, Shanghuan & Cheng, Shuna & Yuan, Zhongshun & Leitch, Mathew & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2013. "Valorization of bark for chemicals and materials: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 560-578.
    14. Scaife, Mark A. & Merkx-Jacques, Alexandra & Woodhall, David L. & Armenta, Roberto E., 2015. "Algal biofuels in Canada: Status and potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 620-642.
    15. Ali Imran & Eddy A. Bramer & Kulathuiyer Seshan & Gerrit Brem, 2016. "Catalytic Flash Pyrolysis of Biomass Using Different Types of Zeolite and Online Vapor Fractionation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-17, March.
    16. Meier, Dietrich & van de Beld, Bert & Bridgwater, Anthony V. & Elliott, Douglas C. & Oasmaa, Anja & Preto, Fernando, 2013. "State-of-the-art of fast pyrolysis in IEA bioenergy member countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 619-641.
    17. Mohsin Raza & Abrar Inayat & Basim Abu-Jdayil, 2021. "Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-27, November.
    18. Qingyue Wang & Nuerjiamali Tuohedi, 2020. "Polyurethane Foams and Bio-Polyols from Liquefied Cotton Stalk Agricultural Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, May.
    19. Wang, Chu & Ding, Haozhi & Zhang, Yiming & Zhu, Xifeng, 2020. "Analysis of property variation and stability on the aging of bio-oil from fractional condensation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 720-728.
    20. Mirkouei, Amin & Haapala, Karl R. & Sessions, John & Murthy, Ganti S., 2017. "A review and future directions in techno-economic modeling and optimization of upstream forest biomass to bio-oil supply chains," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 15-35.
    21. Chakraborty, Sourabh & Dunford, Nurhan Turgut & Goad, Carla, 2021. "A kinetic study of microalgae, municipal sludge and cedar wood co-pyrolysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 514-524.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Fuxin & Hou, Binbin & Chen, Suying & Zhang, Huikuan & Gong, Pin & Zhou, Anning, 2017. "Biochemicals distribution and the collaborative pyrolysis study from three main components of Helianthus annuus stems based on PY-GC/MS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 960-967.
    2. Richard Ahorsu & Francesc Medina & Magda Constantí, 2018. "Significance and Challenges of Biomass as a Suitable Feedstock for Bioenergy and Biochemical Production: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Tripathi, Manoj & Sahu, J.N. & Ganesan, P., 2016. "Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 467-481.
    4. Akhtar, Javaid & Saidina Amin, NorAishah, 2012. "A review on operating parameters for optimum liquid oil yield in biomass pyrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 5101-5109.
    5. Mushtaq, Faisal & Mat, Ramli & Ani, Farid Nasir, 2014. "A review on microwave assisted pyrolysis of coal and biomass for fuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 555-574.
    6. Cheng Li & Xiaochen Yue & Jun Yang & Yafeng Yang & Haiping Gu & Wanxi Peng, 2019. "Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Wood Waste for Bio-Energy Recovery Using Nano-Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-12, October.
    7. Soria-Verdugo, Antonio & Rubio-Rubio, Mariano & Goos, Elke & Riedel, Uwe, 2020. "On the characteristic heating and pyrolysis time of thermally small biomass particles in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 312-322.
    8. Kung, Chih-Chun & McCarl, Bruce A. & Cao, Xiaoyong, 2013. "Economics of pyrolysis-based energy production and biochar utilization: A case study in Taiwan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 317-323.
    9. Mirkouei, Amin & Haapala, Karl R. & Sessions, John & Murthy, Ganti S., 2017. "A review and future directions in techno-economic modeling and optimization of upstream forest biomass to bio-oil supply chains," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 15-35.
    10. Makarfi Isa, Yusuf & Ganda, Elvis Tinashe, 2018. "Bio-oil as a potential source of petroleum range fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 69-75.
    11. Ji, Li-Qun & Zhang, Chuang & Fang, Jing-Qi, 2017. "Economic analysis of converting of waste agricultural biomass into liquid fuel: A case study on a biofuel plant in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 224-229.
    12. Suopajärvi, Hannu & Pongrácz, Eva & Fabritius, Timo, 2013. "The potential of using biomass-based reducing agents in the blast furnace: A review of thermochemical conversion technologies and assessments related to sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 511-528.
    13. M. N. Uddin & Kuaanan Techato & Juntakan Taweekun & Md Mofijur Rahman & M. G. Rasul & T. M. I. Mahlia & S. M. Ashrafur, 2018. "An Overview of Recent Developments in Biomass Pyrolysis Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    14. Perkins, Greg & Bhaskar, Thallada & Konarova, Muxina, 2018. "Process development status of fast pyrolysis technologies for the manufacture of renewable transport fuels from biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 292-315.
    15. Theodore Dickerson & Juan Soria, 2013. "Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-25, January.
    16. Maity, Sunil K., 2015. "Opportunities, recent trends and challenges of integrated biorefinery: Part II," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1446-1466.
    17. Kambo, Harpreet Singh & Dutta, Animesh, 2015. "A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 359-378.
    18. Sulaiman, F. & Abdullah, N., 2011. "Optimum conditions for maximising pyrolysis liquids of oil palm empty fruit bunches," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2352-2359.
    19. Lim, Jeng Shiun & Abdul Manan, Zainuddin & Wan Alwi, Sharifah Rafidah & Hashim, Haslenda, 2012. "A review on utilisation of biomass from rice industry as a source of renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3084-3094.
    20. Meike Boob & Martin Elsaesser & Ulrich Thumm & Jens Hartung & Iris Lewandowski, 2019. "Harvest Time Determines Quality and Usability of Biomass from Lowland Hay Meadows," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-15, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:12:y:2008:i:8:p:2092-2116. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.