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Biodiesel production from palm oil using sulfonated graphene catalyst

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  • Nongbe, Medy C.
  • Ekou, Tchirioua
  • Ekou, Lynda
  • Yao, Kouassi Benjamin
  • Le Grognec, Erwan
  • Felpin, François-Xavier

Abstract

In this study we report on sulfonated graphene, obtained by chemical exfoliation of inexpensive graphite and functionalization of the resulting graphene sheets with benzene sulfonic acid, as a new active catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil with methanol into biodiesel. The experimental conditions for obtaining fatty acid methyl esters were carefully optimized through the evaluation of several parameters including the catalyst loading, temperature, reaction time and methanol-to-oil molar ratio. Of particular relevance, we noticed that an excess of methanol was required to allow high transesterification yield, but an excessive dilution proved to be deleterious for the reaction yield due to lower interactions between the reactants and the catalyst. The heterogeneous catalyst showed a high thermal robustness and was successfully recycled without significant erosion of the reaction yield. Our catalytic system yields biodiesel with a high purity (>98%) after a single filtration and do not produce aqueous waste.

Suggested Citation

  • Nongbe, Medy C. & Ekou, Tchirioua & Ekou, Lynda & Yao, Kouassi Benjamin & Le Grognec, Erwan & Felpin, François-Xavier, 2017. "Biodiesel production from palm oil using sulfonated graphene catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 135-141.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:106:y:2017:i:c:p:135-141
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.024
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    7. Zhu, Qing-li & Gu, Heng & Ke, Zengguang, 2018. "Congeneration biodiesel, ricinine and nontoxic meal from castor seed," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 51-59.
    8. Sangsiri, Pimpajee & Laosiripojana, Navadol & Daorattanachai, Pornlada, 2022. "Synthesis of sulfonated carbon-based catalysts from organosolv lignin and methanesulfonic acid: Its activity toward esterification of stearic acid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 113-127.
    9. dos Santos, Letícia Karen & Hatanaka, Rafael Rodrigues & de Oliveira, José Eduardo & Flumignan, Danilo Luiz, 2019. "Production of biodiesel from crude palm oil by a sequential hydrolysis/esterification process using subcritical water," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 633-640.
    10. Zailan, Zarifah & Tahir, Muhammad & Jusoh, Mazura & Zakaria, Zaki Yamani, 2021. "A review of sulfonic group bearing porous carbon catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 430-452.
    11. D'Souza, Reena & Vats, Tripti & Chattree, Amit & Siril, Prem Felix, 2018. "Graphene supported magnetically separable solid acid catalyst for the single step conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 1064-1073.
    12. Fitriyanti Mayasari & Rinaldy Dalimi & Widodo Wahyu Purwanto, 2019. "Projection of Biodiesel Production in Indonesia to Achieve National Mandatory Blending in 2025 using System Dynamics Modeling," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(6), pages 421-429.
    13. Sivabalan Kaniapan & Suhaimi Hassan & Hamdan Ya & Kartikeyan Patma Nesan & Mohammad Azeem, 2021. "The Utilisation of Palm Oil and Oil Palm Residues and the Related Challenges as a Sustainable Alternative in Biofuel, Bioenergy, and Transportation Sector: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-25, March.

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