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The use of deep water cooling systems: Two Canadian examples

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  • Newman, Lenore
  • Herbert, Yuill

Abstract

Deep water cooling involves using naturally cold water as a heat sink in a heat exchange system, eliminating the need for conventional air conditioning. The cold water is drawn from near the bottom or below the thermocline of a nearby water body. In this study Canadian deep water cooling systems in Halifax, Nova Scotia and Toronto, Ontario were documented. The expected economic and environmental benefits were realized, but barriers to large-scale adoption of the technology were apparent. This technology requires that a client with a large cooling need is near a deep, cold body of water, and payback times vary depending on the site. The public–private partnership approach proved to be beneficial in these two examples, and the Toronto approach in which many buildings are serviced at once by combining municipal pumping capacity can deliver cost savings on a shorter time span. Deep water cooling represents a successful example of a niche accumulation process and an example of electricity demand displacement. Many other locations in which heavy air conditioning users are located next to deep, cold water bodies could use this technology; several such sites exist in Canadian urban areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Newman, Lenore & Herbert, Yuill, 2009. "The use of deep water cooling systems: Two Canadian examples," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 727-730.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:34:y:2009:i:3:p:727-730
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.022
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Werner, Sven & Dyrelund, Anders & Lund, Henrik & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Sorknæs, Peter & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2022. "The four generations of district cooling - A categorization of the development in district cooling from origin to future prospect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    2. Shin, Hyun Ho & Kim, Kibong & Lee, Minwoo & Han, Changho & Kim, Yongchan, 2024. "Maximized thermal energy utilization of surface water-source heat pumps using heat source compensation strategies under low water temperature conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    3. Patryk Antoszewski & Dariusz Świerk & Michał Krzyżaniak, 2020. "Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-36, September.
    4. Alva, Guruprasad & Lin, Yaxue & Fang, Guiyin, 2018. "An overview of thermal energy storage systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 341-378.
    5. Ali Fahrettin Kuyuk & Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh & Agus P. Sasmito & Ferri Hassani, 2019. "Designing a Large-Scale Lake Cooling System for an Ultra-Deep Mine: A Canadian Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Elías-Maxil, J.A. & van der Hoek, Jan Peter & Hofman, Jan & Rietveld, Luuk, 2014. "Energy in the urban water cycle: Actions to reduce the total expenditure of fossil fuels with emphasis on heat reclamation from urban water," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 808-820.
    7. Li, Yu & Rezgui, Yacine & Zhu, Hanxing, 2017. "District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 281-294.
    8. Buhagiar, Daniel & Sant, Tonio & Micallef, Christopher & Farrugia, Robert N., 2015. "Improving the energy yield from an open loop hydraulic offshore turbine through deep sea water extraction and alternative control schemes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 344-356.
    9. Liu, Y. & Qin, X.S. & Chiew, Y.M., 2013. "Investigation on potential applicability of subsurface cooling in Singapore," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 197-206.
    10. Sorranat Ratchawang & Srilert Chotpantarat & Sasimook Chokchai & Isao Takashima & Youhei Uchida & Punya Charusiri, 2022. "A Review of Ground Source Heat Pump Application for Space Cooling in Southeast Asia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-18, July.
    11. Jiqing Lin & Wufa Yang & Kunyong Yu & Jianwei Geng & Jian Liu, 2023. "Construction of Water Corridors for Mitigation of Urban Heat Island Effect," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.

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