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Eversa transform 2.0 immobilized on a hydrophobic support enables the solvent-free almost quantitative esterification of the free fatty acids from soybean oil with neopentylglycol

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  • Monteiro, Rodolpho R.C.
  • de Melo Neta, Maria M.F.
  • Soares, Jorge B.
  • Lomonaco, Diego
  • de Luna, F. Murilo T.
  • Fernandez-Lafuente, Roberto
  • Vieira, Rodrigo S.

Abstract

The performance of Eversa Transform 2.0 (ETL) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) was compared in the solvent-free esterification of the free fatty acids (FFAs) from soybean oil with neopentylglycol (NPG) to produce NPG-diesters, which may be used as biolubricants. Enzymes were immobilized by interfacial activation on an octadecyl-coated methacrylate macroporous resin (C18) and compared to commercially immobilized TLL (Lipozyme® TL IM), free ETL and TLL. ETL@C18 surpassed the performance of all tested biocatalysts, reaching up to 98 % of FFAs conversion after 6 h of reaction at 50 °C and using a biocatalyst content of 9 wt% (related to the mass of FFAs). After optimization, the reactor temperature had a higher influence on the production of the NPG-diesters than the biocatalyst content, so that 45 °C and 3 wt% were determined to be the optimal values. Under such conditions, ETL@C18 retained approximately 88 % of its initial conversion into the NPG-diesters even after 10 consecutive reaction cycles. The biolubricant is composed mainly of NPG-diesters (∼91 %) and unreacted NPG (∼9 %), as confirmed by NMR analysis. The NPG-diesters exhibited a higher viscosity index (from 190.84 to 215.86) and oxidative stability (from 0.10 h to 1.34 h) than the starting material. The NPG-diesters biolubricant also exhibited a lower friction coefficient (0.049 against 0.064) and wear scar diameter (139.03 μm against 151.43 μm) than the 20W-50 mineral lubricant.

Suggested Citation

  • Monteiro, Rodolpho R.C. & de Melo Neta, Maria M.F. & Soares, Jorge B. & Lomonaco, Diego & de Luna, F. Murilo T. & Fernandez-Lafuente, Roberto & Vieira, Rodrigo S., 2024. "Eversa transform 2.0 immobilized on a hydrophobic support enables the solvent-free almost quantitative esterification of the free fatty acids from soybean oil with neopentylglycol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:237:y:2024:i:pa:s0960148124016665
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121598
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nor, Nurazira Mohd & Salih, Nadia & Salimon, Jumat, 2022. "Optimization and lubrication properties of Malaysian crude palm oil fatty acids based neopentyl glycol diester green biolubricant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 942-956.
    2. Aguieiras, Érika C.G. & Cavalcanti, Elisa D.C. & da Silva, Priscila R. & Soares, Valéria F. & Fernandez-Lafuente, Roberto & Bessa Assunção, Charles Lima & da Silva, José André C. & Freire, Denise M.G., 2020. "Enzymatic synthesis of neopentyl glycol-bases biolubricants using biodiesel from soybean and castor bean as raw materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 689-696.
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    4. Vieira, Bruno & Nadaleti, Willian Cézar & Sarto, Ewerson, 2021. "The effect of the addition of castor oil to residual soybean oil to obtain biodiesel in Brazil: Energy matrix diversification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 657-667.
    5. Tacias-Pascacio, Veymar G. & Torrestiana-Sánchez, Beatriz & Dal Magro, Lucas & Virgen-Ortíz, Jose J. & Suárez-Ruíz, Francisco J. & Rodrigues, Rafael C. & Fernandez-Lafuente, Roberto, 2019. "Comparison of acid, basic and enzymatic catalysis on the production of biodiesel after RSM optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1-9.
    6. Monteiro, Rodolpho R.C. & Arana-Peña, Sara & da Rocha, Thays N. & Miranda, Letícia P. & Berenguer-Murcia, Ángel & Tardioli, Paulo W. & dos Santos, José C.S. & Fernandez-Lafuente, Roberto, 2021. "Liquid lipase preparations designed for industrial production of biodiesel. Is it really an optimal solution?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1566-1587.
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