Thermo-hydro-mechanical fully coupled model for enhanced geothermal system and numerical solution method based on finite volume method

Enhanced geothermal system (EGS) has been widely used to improve the production performance of geothermal reservoirs. Extracting the heat energy from geothermal reservoirs involves complex multi-physical process, referred to as the thermal–hydro–mechanical (T–H–M) coupling. To optimize the production schedule, numerical simulator is an important tool for EGS development. However, the numerical solution method based on FVM is rare in the literature. To address this gap, in this study, we derive the mathematical equations of fully coupled T–H–M model. Then, the solution method based on FVM is established. Next, the its accuracy is verified against two cases. Last, the proposed method is applied to an EGS model to simulate the heat extraction process. The evolutions of pressure, temperature, and fracture aperture are analyzed. The effects of controlling parameters of the extraction efficiency are discussed. Results indicate that increasing the injection rate will reduce the lifespan of EGS but accelerate the energy extraction. Increasing the injection temperature can promote the heat extraction to limited extent. Increasing the matrix permeability can significantly improve the extraction efficiency. Enlarging the fracture spacing can enlarge the heat recovery rate. In addition, reducing the fracture permeability can avoid thermal shortcut and improve the production performance.