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Biomass-incorporated KNO3-C/γ-Al2O3 bifunctional catalyst for efficient biodiesel production

Author

Listed:
  • Suresh, Jegthiswary
  • Yong, Hui Syen
  • Talib, Nor Badariah
  • Matmin, Juan
  • Wan Azelee, Nur Izyan
  • Mat Rosid, Salmiah Jamal
  • Toemen, Susilawati

Abstract

Biodiesel has gained attention as a promising renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which necessitated the development of an effective and eco-friendly catalyst for transesterification processes. Herein, this research reported the development of a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst by incorporating carbon from oil palm leaves (OPLs) into KNO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, synthesized through a facile method, to concurrently catalyze the waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification and free fatty acids (FFAs) esterification in a one-pot reaction. Proposed Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model's ideal conditions, experimentally yielded an average of 93.74 % biodiesel yield. Meanwhile, analysis revealed that the catalyst with 30 wt% KNO3 loadings and 1.0 g oil palm leaves dosage (OPLD), calcined at 700 °C, has a BET surface area of 46.93 m2/g and exhibited the presence of K2O, K2O2 and K2C2 active species on the catalyst surface. In addition to exhibiting high total basicity and acidity of 2.9 mmol/g and 2.1 mmol/g, respectively, environmental studies suggested this catalyst generated less waste, highlighting its significant potential of being used for efficient biodiesel production. Therefore, present research introduces a new approach for synthesizing a fruitful and ecofriendly bifunctional catalyst to attain one-pot biodiesel production from low-grade oils.

Suggested Citation

  • Suresh, Jegthiswary & Yong, Hui Syen & Talib, Nor Badariah & Matmin, Juan & Wan Azelee, Nur Izyan & Mat Rosid, Salmiah Jamal & Toemen, Susilawati, 2024. "Biomass-incorporated KNO3-C/γ-Al2O3 bifunctional catalyst for efficient biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:234:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124013077
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121239
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. da Costa Evangelista, João Paulo & Gondim, Amanda Duarte & Souza, Luiz Di & Araujo, Antonio Souza, 2016. "Alumina-supported potassium compounds as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 887-894.
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    4. Zhang, Gaoqiang & Xie, Wenlei, 2024. "Hierarchical porous SAPO-34 decorated with Mo and W oxides for concurrent transesterification-esterifications for efficient biodiesel production from acidic soybean oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
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