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Biodiesel production from refined used cooking oil using co-metal oxide catalyzed transesterification

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  • Sulaiman, Nur Fatin
  • Hashim, Ainul Nadia Nor
  • Toemen, Susilawati
  • Rosid, Salmiah Jamal Mat
  • Mokhtar, Wan Nur Aini Wan
  • Nadarajan, Renugambaal
  • Bakar, Wan Azelee Wan Abu

Abstract

The world is challenged with depletion of non-renewable fossil fuel and environmental pollution. Thus, this research was emphasized on converting refined used cooking oil to safer and low toxicity biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification reaction. Alumina supported magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium oxide-based catalysts with iron as its dopant were optimized according to various calcination temperatures and iron loadings. The optimum conditions over potential catalyst was achieved with 20 wt% of Fe loading for Fe/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 800 °C which gave the maximum biodiesel production of 84.02%. Characterization of catalyst carried out by XRD showed that the 20Fe:80Ba/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 800 °C had a polycrystalline structure with high BET surface area (133.59 m2/g) while FESEM analysis displayed a morphology of uniform plate-like shape grains with fine particles in the range of 55–60 nm. CO2-TPD results showed that the catalyst exhibited highest basicity of 2.5854 mmol/g, while TGA analysis proved that 800 °C was the optimum calcination temperature. The transesterification process of refined used cooking oil to produce high yield biodiesel was effectively attained using 20Fe:80Ba/Al2O3 catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Sulaiman, Nur Fatin & Hashim, Ainul Nadia Nor & Toemen, Susilawati & Rosid, Salmiah Jamal Mat & Mokhtar, Wan Nur Aini Wan & Nadarajan, Renugambaal & Bakar, Wan Azelee Wan Abu, 2020. "Biodiesel production from refined used cooking oil using co-metal oxide catalyzed transesterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1-11.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:153:y:2020:i:c:p:1-11
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.01.158
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    6. Cai, Dongren & Zhan, Guowu & Xiao, Jingran & Zhou, Shu-Feng & Qiu, Ting, 2021. "Design and synthesis of novel amphipathic ionic liquids for biodiesel production from soapberry oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 779-790.
    7. Lani, Nurul Saadiah & Ngadi, Norzita & Haron, Saharudin & Mohammed Inuwa, Ibrahim & Anako Opotu, Lawal, 2024. "The catalytic effect of calcium oxide and magnetite loading on magnetically supported calcium oxide-zeolite catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).

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