IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v211y2023icp248-258.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Physico-mechanical and energy properties of pellets made from ground walnut shells, coniferous tree cones and their mixtures

Author

Listed:
  • Gendek, Arkadiusz
  • Aniszewska, Monika
  • Owoc, Danuta
  • Tamelová, Barbora
  • Malaťák, Jan
  • Velebil, Jan
  • Krilek, Jozef

Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of obtaining good-quality pellets from mixtures of materials with different particle structures and shapes. The paper describes the pressure agglomeration of ground walnut shells and coniferous tree cones as well as their three mixtures. The process involved the production of pellets with a diameter of 6 and 8 mm at the temperatures of 95 and 120°C by applying the force of 5 and 6 kN. The fraction distribution of the particles from which the pellets were made was assessed. It was found that the pellets made only of cones, as opposed to those made only of nutshells, have a fairly even distribution, i.e. the particles were of similar size. The size parameters of the pellets (length and diameter) were measured, on the basis of which the density of individual pellets was calculated. Compressive stresses of the pellets were tested on an endurance testing machine. It was found that the pellets with a greater share of nut shells were less durable than those made with the addition of ground cones. The pellets with a diameter of 6 mm and formed at a temperature of 120°C also showed a higher strength than those with a diameter of 8 mm and compacted at a temperature of 95°C. Increasing the force did not statistically significantly improve the compressive strength of the pellets. Tests of the elemental composition and the amount of ash allowed for concluding that pellets are a good energy material, as evidenced by their average calorific value of about 19 MJ kg−1. Due to exceeding the permissible limit of nitrogen content (ISO 17225), the pellets made solely of cones were classified as quality class B, while the addition of ground walnut shells shifted them to class A2.

Suggested Citation

  • Gendek, Arkadiusz & Aniszewska, Monika & Owoc, Danuta & Tamelová, Barbora & Malaťák, Jan & Velebil, Jan & Krilek, Jozef, 2023. "Physico-mechanical and energy properties of pellets made from ground walnut shells, coniferous tree cones and their mixtures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 248-258.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:211:y:2023:i:c:p:248-258
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.04.122
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148123005888
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2023.04.122?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cimen Demirel & Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil & Abraham Kabutey & David Herak, 2020. "Effects of Forces, Particle Sizes, and Moisture Contents on Mechanical Behaviour of Densified Briquettes from Ground Sunflower Stalks and Hazelnut Husks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Lisowski, Aleksander & Pajor, Małgorzata & Świętochowski, Adam & Dąbrowska, Magdalena & Klonowski, Jacek & Mieszkalski, Leszek & Ekielski, Adam & Stasiak, Mateusz & Piątek, Michał, 2019. "Effects of moisture content, temperature, and die thickness on the compaction process, and the density and strength of walnut shell pellets," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 770-781.
    3. Nives Jovičić & Alan Antonović & Ana Matin & Suzana Antolović & Sanja Kalambura & Tajana Krička, 2022. "Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Jiří Souček & Algirdas Jasinskas, 2020. "Assessment of the Use of Potatoes as a Binder in Flax Heating Pellets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Biswas, Amit Kumar & Rudolfsson, Magnus & Broström, Markus & Umeki, Kentaro, 2014. "Effect of pelletizing conditions on combustion behaviour of single wood pellet," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 79-84.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jakub Styks & Marek Wróbel, 2024. "Modular Open Chamber Stand for Biomass Densification Using the Example of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef Et Deu," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Sui, Haiqing & Chen, Jianfeng & Cheng, Wei & Zhu, Youjian & Zhang, Wennan & Hu, Junhao & Jiang, Hao & Shao, Jing'ai & Chen, Hanping, 2024. "Effect of oxidative torrefaction on fuel and pelletizing properties of agricultural biomass in comparison with non-oxidative torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Przemysław Rybiński & Bartłomiej Syrek & Mirosław Szwed & Dariusz Bradło & Witold Żukowski & Anna Marzec & Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska, 2021. "Influence of Thermal Decomposition of Wood and Wood-Based Materials on the State of the Atmospheric Air. Emissions of Toxic Compounds and Greenhouse Gases," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Jianbiao Liu & Xuya Jiang & Yanhao Yuan & Huanhuan Chen & Wenbin Zhang & Hongzhen Cai & Feng Gao, 2022. "Densification of Yak Manure Biofuel Pellets and Evaluation of Parameters: Effects on Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Aleksandra Minajeva & Algirdas Jasinskas & Rolandas Domeika & Edvardas Vaiciukevičius & Egidijus Lemanas & Stanisław Bielski, 2021. "The Study of the Faba Bean Waste and Potato Peels Recycling for Pellet Production and Usage for Energy Conversion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Joseph I. Orisaleye & Simeon O. Jekayinfa & Christian Dittrich & Okey F. Obi & Ralf Pecenka, 2023. "Effects of Feeding Speed and Temperature on Properties of Briquettes from Poplar Wood Using a Hydraulic Briquetting Press," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Mostafa, Mohamed E. & Hu, Song & Wang, Yi & Su, Sheng & Hu, Xun & Elsayed, Saad A. & Xiang, Jun, 2019. "The significance of pelletization operating conditions: An analysis of physical and mechanical characteristics as well as energy consumption of biomass pellets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 332-348.
    6. Juraj Kukuruzović & Ana Matin & Mislav Kontek & Tajana Krička & Božidar Matin & Ivan Brandić & Alan Antonović, 2023. "The Effects of Demineralization on Reducing Ash Content in Corn and Soy Biomass with the Goal of Increasing Biofuel Quality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-12, January.
    7. Vershinina, Ksenia Yu & Dorokhov, Vadim V. & Romanov, Daniil S. & Strizhak, Pavel A., 2022. "Combustion stages of waste-derived blends burned as pellets, layers, and droplets of slurry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    8. Pegoretti Leite de Souza, Hector Jesus & Muñoz, Fernando & Mendonça, Regis Teixeira & Sáez, Katia & Olave, Rodrigo & Segura, Cristina & de Souza, Daniel P.L. & de Paula Protásio, Thiago & Rodríguez-So, 2021. "Influence of lignin distribution, physicochemical characteristics and microstructure on the quality of biofuel pellets made from four different types of biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1802-1816.
    9. Whittaker, Carly & Shield, Ian, 2017. "Factors affecting wood, energy grass and straw pellet durability – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 1-11.
    10. Sae Byul Kang & Bong Suk Sim & Jong Jin Kim, 2017. "Volume and Mass Measurement of a Burning Wood Pellet by Image Processing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    11. Lenka Štofová & Petra Szaryszová & Bohuslava Mihalčová, 2021. "Testing the Bioeconomic Options of Transitioning to Solid Recovered Fuel: A Case Study of a Thermal Power Plant in Slovakia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    12. Tianyou Chen & Honglei Jia & Shengwei Zhang & Xumin Sun & Yuqiu Song & Hongfang Yuan, 2020. "Optimization of Cold Pressing Process Parameters of Chopped Corn Straws for Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, February.
    13. Juraj Priscak & Katharina Fürsatz & Matthias Kuba & Nils Skoglund & Florian Benedikt & Hermann Hofbauer, 2020. "Investigation of the Formation of Coherent Ash Residues during Fluidized Bed Gasification of Wheat Straw Lignin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, August.
    14. Tomasz Noszczyk & Arkadiusz Dyjakon & Jacek A. Koziel, 2021. "Kinetic Parameters of Nut Shells Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-22, January.
    15. Kamal Baharin, Nur Syahirah & Koesoemadinata, Vidya Cundasari & Nakamura, Shunsuke & Yahya, Wira Jazair & Muhammad Yuzir, Muhamad Ali & Md Akhir, Fazrena Nadia & Iwamoto, Koji & Othman, Nor’azizi & Id, 2020. "Conversion and characterization of Bio-Coke from abundant biomass waste in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1017-1025.
    16. Ana Matin & Ivan Brandić & Neven Voća & Nikola Bilandžija & Božidar Matin & Vanja Jurišić & Karlo Špelić & Alan Antonović & Mateja Grubor & Tajana Krička, 2023. "Influence of Conduction Drying on the Physical and Combustion Properties of Hazelnut Shell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-12, January.
    17. Iuliana Gageanu & Dan Cujbescu & Catalin Persu & Paula Tudor & Petru Cardei & Mihai Matache & Valentin Vladut & Sorin Biris & Iulian Voicea & Nicoleta Ungureanu, 2021. "Influence of Input and Control Parameters on the Process of Pelleting Powdered Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    18. Katarzyna Mydlarz & Marek Wieruszewski, 2022. "Economic, Technological as Well as Environmental and Social Aspects of Local Use of Wood By-Products Generated in Sawmills for Energy Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.
    19. Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira & Ronaldo da Silva Viana & Victor Hugo Cruz & Paulo Renato Matos Lopes & Celso Tadao Miasaki & Anderson Chagas Magalhães & Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo & Luca, 2020. "Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, June.
    20. Tomasz Nurek & Arkadiusz Gendek & Kamil Roman & Magdalena Dąbrowska, 2020. "The Impact of Fractional Composition on the Mechanical Properties of Agglomerated Logging Residues," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-13, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:211:y:2023:i:c:p:248-258. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.