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Effects of Forces, Particle Sizes, and Moisture Contents on Mechanical Behaviour of Densified Briquettes from Ground Sunflower Stalks and Hazelnut Husks

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  • Cimen Demirel

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil

    (Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey)

  • Abraham Kabutey

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • David Herak

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Using the uniaxial compression process, the mechanical behaviour of densified briquettes from ground sunflower stalks and hazelnut husks was studied under different forces (100, 200, 300, and 400 kN), particle sizes (0, 3, 6, and 10 mm), and moisture contents (sunflower; 11.23%, 14.44%, and 16.89% w.b.) and (hazelnut; 12.64%, 14.83%, and 17.34% w.b.) at a constant speed of 5 mm min −1 . For each test, the biomass material was compacted at a constant volume of 28.27 × 10 −5 m 3 using a 60 mm-diameter vessel. Determined parameters included densification energy (J), hardness (kN·mm −1 ), analytical densification energy (J), briquette volume (m 3 ), bulk density of materials (kg·m −3 ), briquette bulk density (kg·m −3 ), and briquette volume energy (J·m −3 ). The ANOVA multivariate tests of significance results showed that for ground sunflower stalk briquettes, the force and particle size interactions had no significant effect ( p > 0.05) on the above-mentioned parameters compared to the categorical factors, which had a significant effect ( p < 0.05) similar to the effects of forces, moisture contents, and their interactions. For ground hazelnut husk briquettes, all the factors and their interactions had a significant effect on the determined parameters. These biomass materials could be attractive for the briquette market.

Suggested Citation

  • Cimen Demirel & Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil & Abraham Kabutey & David Herak, 2020. "Effects of Forces, Particle Sizes, and Moisture Contents on Mechanical Behaviour of Densified Briquettes from Ground Sunflower Stalks and Hazelnut Husks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:10:p:2542-:d:359289
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tatiana Ivanova & Abraham Kabutey & David Herák & Cimen Demirel, 2018. "Estimation of Energy Requirement of Jatropha Curcas L. Seedcake Briquettes under Compression Loading," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Zvicevičius, Egidijus & Raila, Algirdas & Čiplienė, Aušra & Černiauskienė, Živilė & Kadžiulienė, Žydrė & Tilvikienė, Vita, 2018. "Effects of moisture and pressure on densification process of raw material from Artemisia dubia Wall," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 185-192.
    3. Abraham Kabutey & David Herak & Himsar Ambarita & Riswanti Sigalingging, 2019. "Modeling of Linear and Non-linear Compression Processes of Sunflower Bulk Oilseeds," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-14, August.
    4. Mikulandrić, Robert & Vermeulen, Brecht & Nicolai, Bart & Saeys, Wouter, 2016. "Modelling of thermal processes during extrusion based densification of agricultural biomass residues," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1316-1331.
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